UPLC (drug) | Column | Mobile phase system | Detector | Extraction method | Biological or/metabolite studies or pharmaceutical | Mode of analysis | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antibiotics agents | |||||||
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefazolin, ceftazidime, meropenem, piperacillin, clavulanic acid, and tazobactam | BEH C18 | Water (A) Acetonitrile (B) both containing 0.1% formic acid 5% solution (B) at 0.5 min to 55% at 4.0 min and column was rinsed with 95% solution (B) for 0.5 min and re-equilibrated to starting conditions for 1 min | Triple-quadrupole | PP | Biological | Gradient | [33] |
Cefuroxime lysine | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid in 10 mM Ammonium Acetate (40:60, v/v). | Quadrupole | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [34] |
Clarithromycin | BEH C18 | (A) 50 mM ammonium Acetate solution and (B) Acetonitrile. 0.0 min 50 (A):50(B), 1.5 min 10(A): 90(B), 1.7 min 10(A): 90(B), 1.8 min 50(A):50(B), 2.0 min 50(A):50(B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [35] |
Indolinone derivative | HSS T3 column | Water (A) and (B) acetonitrile, both containing 0.1% formic acid 0–0.5 min, (B) 2%;0.5–2 min, (B) 2–100%; 2–2.5 min, (B) 100%; 2.5–2.6 min, (B) 100–2%; 2.6–4 min, (B) 2% | Mass detector | PP | Biological | Gradient | [36] |
Ertapenem | Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 | Water : Acetonitrile (95:5% v/v) both containing 0.1 % formic Acid | Triple-quadrupole | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [37] |
Amikacin, flucloxacillin, meropenem, penicillin G and vancomycin | RP18 column | Water (A) and methanol (B), both containing 4% of formic acid 0–0.3 min, 20% (B); 0.3–1.0 min, 50% (B); 1.0–2.0 min 50% (B); 2.0–2.7 min, 75% (B), 2.7–5.3 min, 75% (B) 5.3–5.5 min, 20% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [38] |
Cephalomannine | BEH C18 | 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B) 0–0.6 min, 20–85% (B); 0.6–1.8 min, 85% (B); 1.8–2.0 min, 80–30% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [39] |
Tedizolid and linezolid | BEH C18 | (A) 0.1% formic acid in water and (B) Acetonitrile 0–0.3 min, 20–95% (B); 0.3–1.5 min, 95–95% (B); 1.5–1.6 min, 95–20% (B); 1.6–3.0 min, 20–20% (B) | Mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [40] |
Anticancer agents | |||||||
Amrubicin | BEH C18 | (A) Acetonitrile: water, (1:99% v/v), 5 mM formic acid and (B) acetonitrile: water, (99:1% v/v), also containing 5 mM formic acid 0.00 min, 100(A) :0(B); 0.30 min, 0(A):100 (B); 0.70 min, 0(A):100 (B); 1.50 min, 100(A): 0(B) | Triple-quadrupole | SPE | Metabolite | Gradient | [41] |
Solasonine | HSS T3 column | (A) 0.1% formic acid and (B) acetonitrile. 0–0.5 min, 15% (B); 0.5–3.5 min, 15–75% (B); 3.5–4.0 min, 75–85% (B); 4.0–5.0 min, 85% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [42] |
Berberrubine | BEH C18 | (A) 0.1% formic acid and (B) acetonitrile. 1.5 min, 30–60% (B); within 0.5 min, 95% (B); then decreased to 30% (B) within in 0.1 min, then maintained 30% for 0.4 min | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [43] |
Pomalidomide | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile: 10 mM Ammonium Acetate (80:20% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [44] |
Docetaxel | BEH C18 | (A) Water containing 0.5% formic acid (pH 2.23) and (B) 0.5% formic acid in acetonitrile (pH 2.24). 0–0.9 min, 90% (A); 0.9–1.6 min, 100% (B); 1.6–1.7 min, 90% (A), 1.7–2.5 min, 90% (A) | Quadrupole | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [45] |
Indolinone derivative | HSS T3 column | Water (A) and (B) acetonitrile, both containing 0.1% formic acid. 0–0.5 min, 2% (B); 0.5–2 min, 2–100% (B); 2–2.5 min, 100% (B); 2.5–2.6 min, 100–2% (B); 2.6–4 min, 2% (B) | Mass detector | PP | Biological | Gradient | [36] |
Lenalidomide | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile: water: formic acid (65:35:0.1% v/v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Isocratic | [46] |
Paclitaxel | BEH C18 | Methanol–0.1% aqueous formic acid (75: 25% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [47] |
Irinotecan and 7-ethyl-10 hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) | BEH C18 | (A) Ammonium acetate Buffer (10 mM; pH 3.5) with 0.1% formic acid and (B) acetonitrile. 0 min, 20% (B); 3 min, 20–70% (B), 0.2 min, 70–98% (B), 0.7 min 98% (B); 0.2 min, 98–20% (B) | Quadrupole | SPE | Biological | Gradient | [48] |
Anticancer c-Met inhibitor LS-177 | C18 column | (A) Acetonitrile and (B) 0.1% formic acid in water. 0 min, 20% (A); 1 min, 80% (A); 2 min, 80% (A); 2.5 min, 20% (A); 3 min, 20% (A) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [49] |
TM-2 | C18 column | (A) Acetonitrile and (B) 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate in water. 1.5 min, 60–90% (A); 2.8 min, 90% (A); 3.5 min, 90–60% (A) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [50] |
Methotrexate polyglutamates | BEH C18 | (A) 10 mM Ammonium bicarbonate buffer With 5 mM of the desired ion-pair adjusted to pH 7.5 with formic acid and (B) acetonitrile. 1 min, 90% (A); 9 min, 70% (A): 30% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [51] |
Ciprofloxacin, cyclophosphamid, tamoxifen, and azathioprine | HSS T3 | (A) 0.1 % formic acid (A) and (B) acetonitrile. 0 min, 90% (A) and 5% (B); 10 min, 0% (A) and 100 % (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Pharmaceutical | Gradient | [52] |
Temozolomide | BEH C18 | (A) Water (containing 0.1% formic acid and 10 mM ammonium acetate) and (B) acetonitrile. 0 min, 20% (B); 2 min, 20–50% (B); 1 min, 50% (B); 1 min, 50–20% (B) | Quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [53] |
Dendrobine | BEH C18 | (A) 0.1% formic acid and (B) acetonitrile. 0–1.0 min, 20–40 (B); 2 min, 40–95% (B), 0.5 min, 95% (B); then decreased to 20% (B) within 0.1 min, maintained at 20% (B) for 0.4 min | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [54] |
Simotinib | Zorbax SB-C8 column | 0.1 % formic Acid with 10 mM ammonium formate: methanol (20:80% v/v) | Mass detector | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [55] |
Nintedanib | BEH C18 | (A) acetonitrile and (B) 0.1% formic acid in water 0–0.3 min, 20–95% (A); 0.3–2.0 min, 95–95% (A); 2.0–2.1 min, 95–20% (A); 2.1–3.0 min, 20–20% (A) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Metabolite | Gradient | [56] |
Letrozole | C18 column | (A) Acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water (B). 0 min, 20% (A): 80% (B); 0.3 min, 20% (A): 80% (B); 2 min, 95% (A): 5% (B); 2.5 min, 95% (A): 5% (B); 2.6 min, 20 % (A): 80% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [57] |
Parthenolide | BEH C18 | (A) Acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water (B). 0–0.3 min, 20–95% (B); 0.3–1.5 min, 95–95% (B), 1.5–1.6 min, 95–20% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Biological | Gradient | [58] |
Tamoxifen | BEH C18 | (A) 10 mM Ammonium formate in water and acetonitrile (B) both are containing 0.1%formic acid 0.0 min, 70%(A): 30%(B); 9.0 min, 48% (A): 52%(B); 9.01 min, 48% (A): 52%(B); 9.50 min, 70% (A): 30%(B); 13 min 70% (A): 30%(B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Metabolite | Gradient | [59] |
Vincristine | HSS T3 column | (A) Methanol and (B) water containing 0.2% formic acid. 3 min, 30–95% (A); and returned to initial condition within 1 min | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [60] |
Palonosetron | HSS T3 column | Methanol : water containing 0.1% formic acid 80: 20% v/v | Triple-quadrupole | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [61] |
Kurarinone | BEH C18 | (A) Acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water (B) 0–0.3 min, 30–30% (A); 0.3–1.0 min, 30–90% (A); 1.0–2.0 min, 90–90% (A); 2.0–2.1 min, 90–30% (A); 2.1–3.0 min, 30–30% (A) | Triple-quadrupole | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [62] |
Antiviral agents | |||||||
Elbasvir | BEH C18 | (A) Acetonitrile and water (containing 5.0 mM ammonium acetate with 0.01% acetic acid, pH 4.5) (B) 0.0–0.5 min, 90–90% (A) 0.5–1.2 min, 90–5% (A); 1.2–2.0 min, 5–5% (A); 2.0–2.2 min, 5–90% (A); 2.2–3.0 min, 90–90% (A) | Triple-quadrupole | PP | Biological | Gradient | [63] |
Daclatasvir | HSS C18 | 10 mM Ammonium formate, pH 3.5 and acetonitrile (50:50% v/v) | Quadrupole | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [64] |
Ribavirin, sofosbuvir | BEH C18 | (A) Acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water (B) 0–0.5 min, 10–10% (A); 0.5–1.0 min, 10–95% (A); 1.0–2.0 min, 95–95% (A); 2.0–2.1 min, 95–10% (A); 2.1–3.0 min, 10–10% (A) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Metabolite | Gradient | [65] |
Atazanavir, Darunavir and Ritonavir | C18 column | (A) 10 mM Ammonium Formate, pH 4.0, adjusted with formic acid in water, and acetonitrile (B). 0.0–0.8 min, 50%(A) and 50%(B); 0.8–1.2 min, 30%(A) and 70%(B) | Mass detector | PP | Biological | Gradient | [66] |
Oleanolic acid | C18 column | 10 mM Ammonium Acetate with 0.1% formic acid in water: acetonitrile (10: 90% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Biological | Isocratic | [67] |
Antifungal agent | |||||||
Tizoxanide | BEH C18 | Aq. ammonium formate buffer 10 mM, adjusted to pH 3.0 with formic acid, and acetonitrile (40: 60% v/v) | Mass detector | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [68] |
Voriconazole | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile and water containing 1% formic acid (45: 55% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [69] |
Amphotericin B | BEH Shield RP18 column | (A) Methanol: acetonitrile (50 : 50% v/v) containing 0.1% formic acid; and (B) 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 3 ± 0.2), containing 0.2% formic acid and 1% acetonitrile 0.0–2.0 min, 35–90% (A); 2.0–2.7 min, 90–35% (A) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Biological | Gradient | [70] |
Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Hydroxyitraconazole, Posaconazole, Voriconazole | C18 column | (A) 10 mM Ammonium formate in ultrapure water with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Isocratic | [71] |
Posaconazole | BEH C18 | (A) 10 mM Ammonium formate in water containing 0.1% formic acid, (B) 1% acetic acid in methanol, and (C) 1% acetic Acid in acetonitrile. 0–0.9 min, 90% (A) and 10% (B); 0.9–1.9 min, 5% (A) and 95% (B); 1.9–2 min, 100% (B); 2–3.6 min. 100% (C); 3.6–3.7 min, 90% (A) and 10% (B); 3.7–5.0 min, 90% (A) and 10% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [72] |
Cardiovascular agents | |||||||
Atorvastatin, Ezetimibe | BEH C18 | (A) 0.1% Formic acid in water : (B) acetonitrile (95: 5% v/v) 0.0–0.4 min, 95% (A) and 5%(B); 0.4–1.1 min 10 %(A) and 90% (B); 1.1 min, 95% (A) and 5% (B) | Triple-quadrupole | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [73] |
4-hydroxyphenyl carvedilol | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile- 4.0 mM ammonium formate, pH 3.0 adjusted with 0.1% formic acid (78: 22% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Metabolite | Isocratic | [74] |
Ivabradine, Reboxetine, Metoprolol | BEH C18 | (A) Water and (B) methanol, both containing 2 mM ammonium acetate.0.0–0.5 min, 20% (B); 0.5–3.0 min, 20–90% (B); 3.0–3.5 min, 90% (B) 3.5–4.5 min, 20% (B) | Quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [75] |
Meldonium | BEH HILIC column | Water: acetonitrile: formic acid (adjusted to pH 3.0 with 12.5% ammonia hydroxide) (25: 70: 5% v/v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Isocratic | [76] |
Candesartan, Hydrochlorthiazide | C18 Phenomenex | Methanol : Acetonitrile 1 (15: 85% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [77] |
Doxazosine | BEH C18 | (A) and (B) consisted of 0.05 (w/v) pentadecafluorooctanoic acid in acetonitrile and 0.05 (w/v) pentadecafluorooctanoic acid in water. 1.0–1.45 min, 10–99% (A); 1.45–1.55 min, 99–10% (A); 1.55–2.0 min, 10% (A) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [78] |
Lercanidipine | BEH C18 | 70% Acetonitrile in water containing 0.2% v/v formic acid | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [79] |
Aliskiren Hemifumarate, Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide | BEH C18 | 0.1% Formic acid in ammonium acetate buffer (0.02 M, pH 3.5) and Methanol (25: 75% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [80] |
Irbesartan | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile: Methanol: 10 mM Ammonium acetate (70:15: 15% v/v/v) | Triple-quadrupole | SPE | Biological | Isocratic | [81] |
Amlodipine, benazeprile and benazeprilat | BEH C18 | (A) 0.1% Formic acid and Acetonitrile (B) 0–0.2 min, 95% (A) and 5% (B); 0.2–0.3 min, 0%(A) and 100%(B); 0.3–2.0 min, 0%(A) and 100%(B); 2.0–2.5 min, 95% (A) and 5% (B), 2.5 min, 95% (A) and 5% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [82] |
Candesartan | Betasil C8 column | Methanol : ammonium tri-floro acetate buffer with formic acid (60: 40% v/v) | Mass detector | PP | Biological | Isocratic | [83] |
N-butylscopolamine | C18 column | Acetonitrile: 5 mM ammonium acetate: 0.1% formic acid (90: 10% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Biological | Isocratic | [84] |
Udenafil | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid (75: 25% v/v) | Quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Metabolite | Isocratic | [85] |
Alprostadil | BEH C18 | (A) Acetonitrile and water (B), containing 0.1% formic acid 0.0–0.6 min, 30% (A); 0.6–0.8 min, 60% (A); 1.4 min, 30% (A) | Quadrupole mass Spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [86] |
Analgesic agents | |||||||
Sumatriptan | Hypersil gold C18 | Methanol:water (90:10% v/v) | Mass detector | PP | Biological | Isocratic | [87] |
Sufentanil | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile : water (4:55% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Biological | Isocratic | [88] |
Mitragynine | BEH HILIC column | 10 mM Ammonium formate buffer containing 0.1% formic acid: acetonitrile (15:85% v/v) | Quadrupole | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [89] |
Tapentadol and tapentadol-O-glucuronide | BEH C18 | 0.01 M Ammonium formate (adjusted to pH 4 using formic acid) (A) and methanol (B). For Tapentadol-0.00 min, 80% (A):20%(B); 0.85 min, 65%(A):35%(B); 0.90 min, 2%(A):98% (B); 1.25 min, 2%(A):98% (B); 1.30 min, 80% (A): 20%(B); 1.60 min, 80% (A): 20%(B) Tapentadol-O-glucuronide-0.0 min, 80% (A): 20%(B); 0.50 min, 70% (A): 30%(B); 0.55 min, 2% (A): 98%(B); 1.05 min, 2% (A): 98%(B); 1.10 min, 80% (A): 20%(B); 1.50 min, 80% (A): 20%(B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Biological | Gradient | [90] |
Dexmedetomidine | BEH C18 | 0.1% Formic acid in water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (B). 0 min, 25%(B); 3.0 min, 25%(B); 3.1 min, 95%(B); 5.0 min, 95%(B); 8.0 min, 2%(B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Biological | Gradient | [91] |
Nalbuphine | BEH HILIC column | Acetonitrile : water (83:17% v/v) that contained 0.2% formic acid and 4 mM ammonium formate | Triple quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [92] |
Buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine | BEH C18 | Ammonium formate buffer 20 mM adjusted to pH 3.05 with formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) (90:10% v/v) 0.0 min, 10 % (B); 2.5 min, 25% (B); 3.2 min, 25% (B); 5.0 min. 30% (B) | Quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [93] |
Anti-steroid | |||||||
Testosterone and 5-dihydrotestosterone | BEH C18 | (A) Water, (B) consisted of 2 mM ammonium acetate (native pH) in acetonitrile: water (98:2% v/v) 0.1 min, 0% (B); 1.0 min, 30% (B); 2.0 min, 32% (B); 3.4 min, 32% (B) | Triple-quadrupole | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [94] |
Triamcinolone acetonide palmitate and triamcinolone acetonide | Phenomenex Luna C18 column | (A) Acetonitrile and (B) 0.1% ammonia solution. 0–1.3 min, 34% (A); 1.3–1.5 min, 34–95%(A); 1.5–5.0 min, 95% (A); 5.0–5.2 min, 95–34% (A); 5.2–5.5 min, 34% (A) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [95] |
Anti-inflammatory (NSAID) | |||||||
Hesperetin | Chiralpak IA-3 | (A) Water with 0.1% CHOOH and (B) acetonitrile with 0.1% CHOOH. 0 min, 33% (B); 0.5 min 33% (B); 5 min 40% (B); 5.1 min, 100% (B); 6 min, 100% (B); 6.1 min 33% (B); 8 min 33% (B) | Triple-quadrupole | SPE | Biological | Gradient | [96] |
Epiafzelechin a flavan-3-ol with osteoprotective | BEH C18 | Water (A) and acetonitrile (B) both containing (0.1% Formic Acid v/v) 1–11 min, 0–70% (B); 0–1 min, 100 % (A); 11–16 min, 100% (A) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [97] |
E6005, Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor | BEH C18 | (A) Water: acetonitrile: 1 mol/L ammonium formate (950:50: 5% v/v/v) and (B) water: acetonitrile: 1 mol/L ammonium formate (100:900: 5% v/v/v). Gradient-2.0 min, 5–95% (B); Isocratic- 2.0 min, 95% (B); 1.5 min, 5% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Metabolite | Gradient/Isocratic | [98] |
Naringin | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile-0.4% acetic acid (80: 20% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [99] |
Ibuprofen | BEH C18 | Water: methanol (35:65% v/v) both containing 10 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid. 0–12 min, 35% (A) and 65% (B); 12.01–14 min 100% (B); 15.1 min, 35% (A) and 65% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [100] |
Avicularin | BEH C18 | 0.1% Formic acid in water (A) and (B) acetonitrile. 0–0.50 min, 30–80% (B); 0.50–1.40 min, 80 % (B); 1.40–1.60 min, 80–30% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [101] |
Hupehenine | BEH C18 | 0.1% Formic acid (A) and Acetonitrile (B) 0.0–2.0 min, 40–90 % (B); maintained for 0.5 min, 90%(B); 90–40% (B) within 0.1 min and then maintained 0.4 min, for 40% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [102] |
Picfeltarraenins IA and IB | C18 column | Methanol:water (70 : 30% v/v) | Mass detector | PP | Biological | Isocratic | [103] |
Diclofenac sodium | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile–0.1% ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (20:80% v/v). 0.0 min, 20% (A); 0.6–1.5 min, 50% (A); 1.6–2.0 min, 20% (A) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [104] |
21-hydroxy deflazacort | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile and 4.0 mM ammonium formate, pH 3.5 (90:10% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Biological | Isocratic | [105] |
Acetaminophen and dihydrocodeine | BEH C18 | (A) 0.1% formic acid in water and (B) Acetonitrile 0–0.3 min, 50–95% (B); 0.3–0.9 min, 95–95% (B); 0.9–1.0 min, 95–50% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [106] |
Anti-diabetes | |||||||
Glipizide | BEH C18 | (A) Acetonitrile and water containing 1% formic acid (B). 0.0 min, 30 % (A):70%(B); 0.3 min, 75% (A)25% (B); 0.7 min, 75% (A) 25% (B); 1.0 min, 30% (A): 70% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Biological | Gradient | [107] |
Lysophosphatidylcholine | BEH C18 | (A) 0.1% Formic acid in water, (B) 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. 0 min, 100% (A); 37 min, 100% (B) | Mass detector | PP | Metabolite | Gradient | [108] |
Miglitol | C18 inertsil column | Acetonitrile and 2 mM Ammonium Acetate (pH 3.5, 80: 20% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [109] |
Exenatide | C18 column | 0.2% Formic acid (A) and methanol (B) 1.5 min, 10% (B); 1.0 min, 10–90% (B); 0.5 min, 90% (B) a linear decrease from 90–10% (B) in 0.1 min | Mass detector | SPE | Biological | Gradient | [110] |
Anti-depressant | |||||||
Vortioxetine | BEH C18 | 0.1% Formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B). 0–0.5 min, 20–95% (A); 0.5–1.9 min, 95–95% (A); 1.9–2.0 min, 95–20% (A); 2.0–3.0 min, 20–20% (A) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [111] |
Bupropion | BEH Phenyl column | (A) Ammonium formate buffer (2 mM, pH 4.0) and (B) acetonitrile. 3.5 min, 95% (A); 4.2 min, 70% (A); 4.7 min, 68.5% (A); 4.8 min, 5% (A) 5.7 min, 95% (A) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Metabolite | Gradient | [112] |
Venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine | BEH C18 | 10 mmol/L Ammonium acetate and methanol (85: 15% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole | SPE | Biological | Isocratic | [113] |
Paroxetine | Hypersil Gold C18 column | Acetonitrile and 0.1% Glacial acetic acid (50: 50% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [114] |
Antiepileptic agents | |||||||
Carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam | BEH Phenyl column | 5 mM Ammonium bicarbonate buffer pH 7.9 (A) and methanol (B) 0.00 min, 97.5% (A): 2.5%(B); 1.00 min, 95.0% (A): 5.0% (B); 2.00 min, 0.0% (A): 30.0% (B); 3.60 min, 50.0% (A): 50.0% (B); 4.00 min, 50.0% (A): 50.0% (B); 4.30 min, 20.0% (A): 80.0% (B); 4.75 min, 20.0% (A) 80.0% (B); 4.85 min, 97.5% (A): 2.5% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [115] |
Haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, bromazepam, lorazepam, risperidone and benzodiazepines | HSS T3 | Acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% formic acid in water (B) 0–1 min, 75% (B); 1–6 min, 75–40%(B); 6 min, 75% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Biological | Gradient | [116] |
Oxcarbazepine | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile–10 mM ammonium acetate (85:15% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Biological | Isocratic | [117] |
Benzodiazepine 21 | BEH C18 | 0.1% Formic acid in water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in Methanol (B). 70% A–30% B, ramping to 65% B over 2.5 min, 70% B over 0.75 min, 77% B over 0.75 min, then to 95% B over 0.05 min and holding at 95% B for 1 min, returning to 30% B and re-equilibrating for 2 min | Mass detector | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [118] |
Aripiprazole | Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 | (A) 0.1% Formic acid aqueous and (B) acetonitrile. 0–1.2 min, 10–40% (B); 1.2–1.6 min, 40–100% (B); 1.6–1.9 min, 100% (B); 1.91–2.0 min, 10% (B) | Mass detector | SPE | Biological | Gradient | [119] |
CNS | |||||||
Levodopa, Carbidopa | BEH C18 | (A) 5 mM Ammonium formate/formic acid at 1000/1 (v/v) and (B) acetone. 0.2 min, 25% (B); 0.2–1.8 min, 25–50% (B); 90% (B) for 0.9 min | Triple-quadrupole and electro chemical | PP | Biological | Gradient | [120] |
Acetylcholine, histamine (HA) | BEH HILIC column | (A) 0.2% Formic acid and 20 mM ammonium formate in Water (B) acetonitrile. 0 min, 90% (B); 0–1.25 min, 10–70% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Metabolite | Gradient | [121] |
Proton pump inhibitor | |||||||
Esomeprazole, Rabeprazole and Levosulpiride | Hypersil gold C18 | (A) 2 mM Ammonium formate in water and (B) acetonitrile. 0.01 min, 10% (B); 0.20 min, 10% (B); 0.50 min, 90% (B); 0.70 min, 90% (B); 0.80 min, 10% (B); 1.00 min, 10% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [122] |
Anti-tubercular | |||||||
Ethambutol, isoniazid and rifampicin | HSS T3 | Water: methanol (50: 50% v/v) | Quadrupole | PP | Biological | Isocratic | [123] |
Vitamin | |||||||
Thiamin, riboflavin, Flavin, adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide, and pyridoxal | HSS T3 | 10 mM Ammonium formate (A) and acetonitrile (B). 0 min, 95% (A); 1 min, 65% (A); 2 min, 45% (A); 2.1–3 min, 5% (A), 3.1–4 min, 95% (A) | Mass detector | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [124] |
Uracil and dihydrouracil | HSS T3 column | (A) 0.1% (v/v) Formic acid in UPLC-grade water and (B) 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in UPLC-grade acetonitrile. 0–.0 min, 0% (B); 3.0–3.2 min, 0–90% (B); 3.2–3.7 min, 90% (B); 3.7–5 min, 0% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [125] |
Immunosuppressant | |||||||
Tacrolimus | BEH C18 | 10 mM Ammonium acetate, pH 6.00, adjusted with Formic acid and methanol (5:95% v/v) | Triple quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Biological | Isocratic | [126] |
Typhaneoside and Isorhamnetin-3-O-Neohesperidoside | BEH C18 | (A) Acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) (B) 0 min, 80% (A); 1.7 min, 68% (A); 3.2 min 30% (A); 4.0 min, 20% (A) | Mass detector | Pollen typhae extract | Biological | Gradient | [127] |
Mycophenolic acid | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile and 10 mM Ammonium formate, pH 3.0 (75:25% v/v) | Mass detector | PP | Biological | Isocratic | [128] |
Anticoagulant | |||||||
Warfarin | BEH C18 | (A) 0.2% Formic acid and 1% acetonitrile in water; and (B) 0.2% formic acid in acetonitrile. 80–70% (A) in 1.5 min and then changed linearly to 35% A for another 1.5 min, and remained for a further 0.8 min before changing back to 80% (A) | Mass detector | PP | Biological | Gradient | [129] |
Clopidogrel | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile and water containing 0.15% formic acid (75: 25% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [130] |
Expectorant | |||||||
Hupehenine | BEH C18 | (A) 0.1% Formic acid and acetonitrile (B). 0–2.0 min, 40–90% (B); maintained for 90% (B) for 0.5 min, then decreased to 40% within 0.1 min, then maintained at 40% for 0.4 min | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [102] |
Multicomponent analysis of drug | |||||||
Gestodene, Ethinyl estradiol | BEH C18 | Water (A) and acetonitrile (B) (both containing 0.1% formic acid). 1.5 min, 70% (B); 70–98% (B) within 1.1 min and returned to 70% (B) | Quadrupole | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [131] |
Liensinine, Isoliensinine, and Neferine | BEH C18 | (A) Water with 0.1 formic acid and acetonitrile (B). 0–1.0 min, 15–90% (B); 1.0–1.8 min, 90% (B); 1.8–2.0 min, 90–15% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [132] |
Pinaverium Bromide | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile: 5 mM ammonium formate (80:20% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Isocratic | [133] |
Pimpinellin, Isopimpinellin and Phellopterin | BEH C18 | Methanol: ammonium acetate (65:35% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Isocratic | [134] |
Endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2AG), 1-arachidonoyl glycerol (1AG), and anandamide | BEH C18 | (A) Water contained 2 mM ammonium acetate and (B) methanol and contained 2 mM ammonium acetate. 0.0–0.5 min, 75% (B); 0.5–5.0 min, 79% (B); 5.0–5.5 min, 90% (B); 5.5–6.5 min, 75% (B) | Tandem mass spectrometry | PP | Biological | Gradient | [135] |
Paeoniflorin, albiflorin, ferulic acid, tetrahydropalmatine, protopine, typhaneoside, senkyunolide I | BEH C18 | (A) 0.1% Formic acid and (B) acetonitrile. 0–1 min, 5–10% (B); 1–6 min, 10–30% (B); 6–7 min, 30–40% (B); 7–8 min, 40–95% (B); 8–10 min, 95–5% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [136] |
Caffeine, Tolbutamide, Metoprolol, Dapsone | BEH HILIC C18 | Acetonitrile: water containing 0.1% formic acid (15:85% v/v) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Isocrati | [137] |
Xylazine, Free Morphine, Codeine, 6 Acetylmorphine, Cocaine, Benzoylecgonine in Postmortem | HSS T3 | 0.1% Formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B). 0 min, 90% (A): 10% (B); 0.48 min, 90% (A): 10% (B); 0.50 min, 100% (A): 0% (B); 0.60 min, 85% (A): 15% (B); 2.0 min, 66% (A): 34% (B); 2.10 min, 5% (A): 95% (B); 2.25 min, 90% (A): 10% (B); 2.50 min, 90% (A): 10%(B) | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | SPE | Biological | Gradient | [138] |
Bupropion, metroprolol, midazolam, phenacetin, omeprazole and tolbutamide | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile (A) and water (B) (containing 0.1% formic acid) 0.3-1.8 min, 30-60% (A); increasing to 95% over 0.2-0.5 min, then decreased to 30% within 0.1 min, and maintained at 30% for 0.4 min. | Triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [139] |
Ketoconazole and Voriconazole on the Pharmacokinetics of Oxcarbazepine | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile (A) and water (B) (containing 0.1% formic acid) 0–1 min, 20–80% (A); 1–1.5 min, 80–80% (A), 1.5–2 min 80–95% (A); 2–2.5 min, 95–95% (A); 2.5–2.6 min, 95–20% (A) | Triple-quadrupole mass Spectrometer | PP | Metabolite | Gradient | [140] |
Neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and geniposide | BEH C18 | 0.2% Acetic acid and methanol. 0–4.50 min, 15–30% (B); 4.50–5.50 min, 30–65% (B); 5.50–6.00 min, 65–15% (B); 6.00–7.50 min, 15–15% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass Spectrometer | PP | Biological | Gradient | [141] |
Evodiamine and Rutaecarpine | BEH C18 | Acetonitrile (A) and water (B) both containing 0.2% Formic acid. 0 min, 40% (A): 60% (B); 0–0.6 min, 70% (A): 30% (B); 0.6–1.0 min, 70% (A): 30% (B); then returned to 40% (A):/60% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass Spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [142] |
Bosentan and glimepiride | BEH C18 | (A) 0.1% Formic acid in water and (B) acetonitrile. 0–0.5 min, 35% (B); 0.5–1.0 min, 35–80% (B); 1.0–1.5 min, 80–35% (B) | Triple-quadrupole | PP | Biological | Gradient | [143] |
Amoxicillin and prednisolone | BEH C18 | 0.1% Formic acid in water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (B). 0–1 min, 98% (A); 1–1.5 min, 98–15% (A); 1.5–2.5 min, 15% (A); 2.5–3.0 min, 15–2% (A); 3.0–3.5 min, 2–98% (A); 3.5–5.5 min, 98% (A) | Triple-quadrupole mass Spectrometer | SPE | Biological | Gradient | [144] |
Fenofibric acid and berberine | Eclipse XDB C18 column | (A) Acetonitrile and (B) water (containing 0.1% formic acid). 0.0 min, 30 % (A): 70% (B); 0.3 min, 30% (A): 70% (B); 0.5 min, 50% (A): 50% (B); 1.0 min, 90% (A): 10% (B); 2.5 min, 90% (A): 10% (B); 2.6 min, 30% (A): 70% (B); 3.0 min, 30% (A): 70% (B) | Triple-quadrupole mass Spectrometer | LLE | Biological | Gradient | [145] |