Table 6 Separation of isomers studies using UHPLC
Drugs/compounds | Column | Mobile phase system | Mode of analysis | Detector | Extraction method | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flavanone, Hesperetin, and Naringenin | Chiralpak AD-3R | Methanol | Isocratic | DAD | SPE | [165] |
Flavanone, Naringenin, and Hesperetin | Chiralpak AD-3R | Methanol | Isocratic | Triple-quadrupoleMass spectrometer | SPE | [166] |
Phenylethylamines and cathinones | BEH phenylCSH Fluro-phenyl | 80 mM phosphate buffer (A) and acetonitrile or methanol (B) | Isocratic/gradient | PDA | – | [167] |
Besifoxacin | Chiralpak IE-3 | Dichloromethane: isopropyl alcohol: trifuoroacetic acid: diethylamine (90:10:0.3:0.05 v/v/v/v) | Isocratic | UV-Visible detector | - | [168] |
Warfarin | ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse C18, SB-CN, SB-C8 and SB-Phenyl Hypersil Gold AQ and Gold PFP | 0.1% Phosphoric acid in water (A) 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 6.5) (B) and 5mM ammonium phosphate dibasic in water (pH 8.0) (C). 95:5 to 5:95 % A, B or C. | Gradient | PDA | --- | [169] |
Debenzazepine and Carbamazepine analogs, | Hypersil Gold PFP | 2 mM Ammonium formate (A) and acetonitrile (B) 0-0.2 min, 80% (A): 20% (B); 0.2–0.8 min, 5% (A) :95% (B); and back to 80% (A): 20% (B) in 0.5 min | Gradient | PDA | – | [170] |
Xanthine metabolites | SB-Phenyl | 0.1 H3PO4 in water: acetonitrile | Gradient | PDA | – | |
Steroid analogs | Eclipse Plus C18 | 2 mM Ammonium formate in water (pH 3.5) and acetonitrile (65:35 to 5:95 in 2.0 min) | Gradient | PDA | – | |
Nicotine analogs | SB-CN | 5 mM Ammonium phosphate diabasic in water: acetonitrile | Gradient | PDA | – | |
Glucuronide analogs | SB-CN | 150 mM sodium percholrate in 0.02 % perchloric acid: acetonitrile | Gradient | PDA | – | |
Rasagiline | Chiralpak AGP | Ammonium acetate: isopropyl alcohol (90:10, v/v) | Isocratic | PDA | -- | [171] |
Trantinterol | BEH C18 | 3 mM ammonium acetate (A) and acetonitrile (B). 0–4 min, 80-20 %(A); maintained at 70% (A) for 2.5 min | Gradient | Triple-quadrupolemass spectrometer | LLE | [172] |
SCH 503034 | BEH C18 | A1-Methanol: water (5:95) with 40 mM PFPA and A2- methanol: water (95:5) with 40 mM PFPA. B1- Methanol: water (5/95) with 4 mM of ammonium acetate and B2-methanol: water (95/5) with 4 mM of ammonium acetate | Gradient | Triple-quadrupolemass spectrometer | PP | [173] |
Ranolazine | BEH RP18 | (A) Acetonitrile: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 7.3; 0.01 M)-Triethylamine (10:90:0.1, v/v/v). (B)- Acetonitrile-mobile phase-A (55:45, v/v).0.01 min, 17 % (B); 1.5 min, 17%(B); 3.5 min, 45%(B); 5.5 min, 60% (B); 8 min, 65 %(B); 12 min, 70% (B); 13 min, 95% (B); 15 min, 95 %(B); 15.5 min, 17% (B); and 18 min, 17%(B) | Gradient | PDA | – | [174] |
Rivastigmine | BEH Phenyl | (A) Acetonitrile: disodium hydrogen orthophosphate (pH 7.5; 0.01 M)-Triethylamine (10:90:0.1 v/v/v). (B) Acetonitrile: water (80:20 v/v) 0.01 min, 5.0 %(B); 5.0 min, 35.0 % (B); 8.0 min, 60.0% (B);8.1 min, 5.0 % (B);10.0 min, 5.0%(B). | Gradient | PDA | – | [175] |
Benzoic acid | Thermo Syncronis C18 | 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and methanol (B) 0–1.5 min, 15–46 %(B); 1.5–1.9 min, 46% (B); 1.9–4.5 min, 15% (B) | Gradient | Triple-quadrupolemass spectrometer | LLE | [176] |
Phenylmercapturic acid and Benzyl mercapturic acid | BEH C18 | 0.1% acetic acid in water (A) and methanol (B). 0–1.0 min, 80% (A); 1.01–6.00 min, 80–70%(A); 6.00 min, 70–80 % (A) | Gradient | Triple-quadrupolemass spectrometer | LLE | [177] |
Abacavir | BEH C18 | Water: Acetonitrile (90:10 v/v) | Isocratic | UV-Vis and PDA | – | [178] |
Stimulants agents | BEH C18 | Water (A) and acetonitrile with 0.01% formic acid (B) (50:50 v/v) Four types of gradient program were used: 1. Gradient A/B: 0 min 1% B, increase to 3% B in 4.2 min, increase to 90%B in 3.8 min, 90% B for 0.5 min, decrease to 1% B in 0.1 min, and equilibration for 1.4 min. 2. Gradient C: 1% B for 1 min, increase to 15% B in 7 min, increase to 90% B in 1 min, 90% B for 1 min, decrease to 1% B in 0.1min, and equilibration for 1.9 min. 3. Gradient D: 5% B for 1.2 min, increase to 90% B in 16.8 min, 90% B for 0.7 min, decrease to 5% B in 0.1 min, and equilibration for 1.2 min. 4. Gradient E/F: 1% B for 1.2 min, increase to 90% B in 6.8 min, 90%B for 0.7 min, decrease to 1% B in 0.1 min, and equilibration for 1.2 min | Gradient | Triple-quadrupolemass spectrometer | – | [179] |
Vigabatrin | Eclipse Plus C18 column | A-10 mM ammonium formate (pH 3.0 adjusted with formic acid and methanol (B), 0–1 min, 10–10% (B); 1–8 min, 10–16% (B), 8–9 min, 16–100% (B), 9–11 min, 100% (B) | Gradient | Triple-quadrupolemass spectrometer | LLE | [180] |
Zoxamide | Lux Amylose-2 | Acetonitrile: water (70:30 v/v) | Isocratic | Triple-quadrupolemass spectrometer | QuEChERS | [181] |