Table 4 Effect of AGEs accumulation on target organs
From: Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: inter-relation of risk factors and treatment
Complication | Target organ | AGEs role in preclinical studies |
|---|---|---|
Diabetic nephropathy | Kidney | -Glomerular membrane thickening -Mesangial expansion -Glomerulerosis |
Diabetic ocular diseases | -Basement membrane thickening | |
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy | Peripheral nerves | -Link microangiopathy and neuropathy -Localization of RAGE, IL-6, CML, and NF-kappaB to endoneurial vessels, perineurium, and epineurial vessels -Reduce sensorimotor conduction velocity -Decrease blood flow to peripheral nerves [89] |
Atherosclerotic disease |  | -Elevates endothelial dysfunction -Increase vascular LDL levels by decreasing LDL uptake -Promote plaque destabilization -Dysfunctioning of vascular repair in response to injury [90] -Quench nitric oxide and impair LDL removal -Elevated localization of AGE—LDL in vessels and elevated generation of foam cells thus accelerate atheroma formation [91] |
Diabetic cardiomyopathy and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) | Cardiovascular system | -Crosslinking of collagen [92] -Carotid intima-media wall thickening -Increased levels of malondialdehyde and pentosidine |