Table 8 Treatment options for hypertension associated with diabetes
From: Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: inter-relation of risk factors and treatment
S. no. | Treatment | Steps | Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
1 | -Caloric restrictions -Sodium intake restrictions (2300 mg/day) -Increase fruits and vegetable consumption -Restricting alcohol consumption -Reduce sedentary time -Smoking cessation | -Lowers blood pressure -Synergistic for antihypertensive medications -Enhances metabolism and vascular system | |
2 | Reduced sodium | -Reduction of sodium intake per day. in a clinical trial, the sodium intake was reduced from 4600 mg to 2300 mg [175] | -Reduced pressure of blood (systolic approx. 5 mmHg and 2-3 mmHg diastolic). |
3 | Physical activity | -30-45 min of brisk walking -Regular exercise -Type and intensity of exercise should be preferred according to patient functional statu s[176, 177]. | Reduced blood pressure |
4 | Weight loss | Approximately 1 mmHg of reduction in blood pressure can be achieved by losing 1 kg of weight [178] | Reduced blood pressure |
5 | Sleep apnea | Treat obstructive sleep apnea [179] | Reduced blood pressure |