Table 3 Pharmacokinetics, brain targeting efficiency (DTE), direct transport percentage (DTP), and nasal bioavailability (NB) of QNP, QMME, QME, and DS following IN and IV administration (data represents mean ± SD, n = 4)

C_max

P*

248.19 ± 25.49

348.90 ± 24.62

178.32 ± 14.06

185.67 ± 28.56

485.79 ± 40.56

429.01 ± 24.24

B**

169.27 ± 20.86

243.19 ± 26.97

106.67 ± 35.53

65.44 ± 24.24

59.73 ± 12.00

83.21 ± 15.29

T_max (min)

P

30

30

15

30

30

15

B

15

15

15

15

30

15

AUC₀₋₂₄₀

P⁺

23458.42 ± 1672.37

31543.4 ± 2708.12

13902.74 ± 2370.79

14123.56 ± 3267.71

48616.57 ± 1850.82

40343.62 ± 1145.12

B⁺⁺

13776.15 ± 2021.24

26493.21 ± 2762.87

9785.12 ± 3161.44

6557.42 ± 726.22

8816.71 ± 2835.91

8152.12 ± 1835.11

T_1/2 (h)

P

1.48 ± 0.23

1.90 ± 0.58

1.21 ± 0.30

1.41 ± 0.22

1.85 ± 0.38

1.49 ± 0.28

B

1.48 ± 0.12

1.99 ± 0.56

1.16 ± 0.32

2.02 ± 0.78

3.02 ± 1.17

1.55 ± 0.17

DTE (%)

B

374.93 ± 15.02

453.69 ± 10.17

371.20 ± 12.02

259.14 ± 15.35

DTP (%)

B

73.33 ± 4.14

80.51 ± 6.46

68.66 ± 6.84

54.08 ± 5.17

NB (%)

P

58.15 ± 3.18

59.68 ± 8.73

32.66 ± 5.24

31.97 ± 6.16

B

168.98 ± 9.27

316.67 ± 19.38

118.65 ± 14.26

83.15 ± 9.82