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Table 3 Susceptibility of various pathogens to growth inhibition by VNLAC

From: A phytomass-inspired carbon and its importance as an antibacterial agent against human pathogens

Bacterial strains tested

Mean zone of inhibition Ā± SEM (in diameter; in mm)a

100 Ī¼g/mL

200 Ī¼g/mL

300 Ī¼g/mL

400 Ī¼g/mL

500 Ī¼g/mL

Ciprofloxacin (30 Ī¼g disc)

Control (5% DMSO in water)

S. pyogenes

11.08ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.24

14.05ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.28

16.00ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.27

17.00ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.24

18.00ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.21

22.04ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.15

No zone

S. aureus

09.13ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.27

12.10ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.28

14.07ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.27

15.02ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.27

16.00ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.24

22.00ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.18

No zone

E. coli

14.07ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.29

17.06ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.25

20.10ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.28

23.11ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.27

25.00ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.24

28.11ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.12

No zone

P. aeruginosa

13.13ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.29

17.02ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.26

21.00ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.28

22.12ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.24

23.04ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.21

26.14ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.12

No zone

  1. SEM is standard error of mean
  2. aValues are reported as meanā€‰Ā±ā€‰SEM (n = 3); positive control used is ciprofloxacin (standard 30 Ī¼g disc)