Table 1 Medicinal plants and their metabolites used for treating different types of wounds
From: Medicinal plants and their components for wound healing applications
S. no. | Medicinal plants | Part used | Metabolites | Uses | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Turmeric (Curcuma longa) | Rhizomes | Curcumin, vitamin A, proteins | Chronic wound healing | [19] |
2. | Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) | Roots | Glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic | Acute/chronic wound healing | [20] |
3. | Centella (Centella asiatica) | Leaves | Asiatic acid, asiaticoside madecassoside, madecassic acid | Incision wound healing | |
4. | Carbonal (Mimosa tenuiflora) | Stem | Mimosine (an alkaloid), sitosterol, amino acids, linoleic acid, tannins, polyphenols, and oleic acid | Chronic wound healing | [23] |
5. | Honey (Apis mellifera) | Secretion from hive | 5-Hydroxyimidacloprid, 4,5-dihydroxyimidacloprid, desnitroimidacloprid, 6-chloronicotinic acid, olefin | Acute wound healing | [24] |
6. | Theaceae (Camellia pubipetala) | Leaves | Flavonoids, theanine and caffeine | Excision wound healing | [25] |
7. | Forest Champa (Spermadictyon suaveolens) | Roots | Triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, alkaloids | Chronic wound healing | [26] |
8. | Neem (Azadirachta indica) | All portions | Azadirachtin, azadirone, nimbin, nimbidin, nimbinin | Open wound healing | [27] |
9. | Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) | Seeds | Metronidazole, E and C vitamins, sesamolinol, sesamol, sesaminol, sesamolin | Acute/chronic wound healing | [28] |
10. | Trumpet tree (Cecropia peltata) | Leaves | Flavanoids, terpenes phenols, alkaloids, sterols, waxes, fats, tannins, gums, resin acids | Closed wound healing | [29] |
11. | Kencur (Kaempferia galanga) | Rhizomes | Amino acids, protein, carbohydrate, alkaloids, steroids, cholesterol, cardiac glycosides, | Incision wound healing | [30] |
12. | Druce (Prosopis cineraria) | Leaves | Patulitrin, diketones, spicigerin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, hentriacontane, octasanol, and prosogerin A, B, C, and D | Closed wound healing | [23] |
13. | Maidenhair (Ginkgo biloba) | Leaves and seeds | Flavonoids, lactones, and ginkgolic acid | Closed wound healing | [31] |
14. | Indian mulberry (Morinda citrifolia) | Leaves and fruit | Anthraquinones, steroid, phenol, tannin, and terpenoids | Closed wound healing | [32] |
15. | Club Moss (Lycopodium serratum) | Spores and whole fern | Alkaloids, steroids, tannins | Acute/chronic wound healing | [33] |
16. | Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) | Leaves | Monoterpenoids alkaloids, vinblastine, Vincristine | Acute/chronic wound healing | [34] |
17. | Asthma Weed (Euphorbia hirta) | Leaves | Saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides | Chronic wound healing | [35] |
18. | Red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus) | Bark wood | Santalin A and B, savinin, calocedrin, pterolinus K and L, and pterostilbenes | Acute/chronic wound healing | [36] |
19. | Lawsonia alba (Lawsonia inermis) | Leaves and roots | Coumarins, naphthoquinone, flavonoids, sterols, triterpene, and xanthones | Chronic wound healing | [37] |
20. | Jandi or Ghaf (Prosopis cineraria) | Leaves and pods | Patulitrin, diketones, spicigerin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, hentriacontane, octasanol, and prosogerin A, B, C, and D | Cutaneous wound healing | [38] |
21. | Aloe (Aloe vera) | Leaves | Anthaquinone, C and E vitamins, amino acids | Open wound healing | |
22. | Bay (Sphagneticola trilobata) | Leaves | Flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloid, and saponin | Incision wound healing | |
23. | Adusa (Adhatoda vasica) | Leaves | Flavonoids, tannins | Excision wound healing | [43] |
24. | Humble plant (Mimosa pudica) | Whole plant | Mimosine (an alkaloid), sitosterol, amino acids, linoleic acid, tannins, polyphenols, and oleic acid | Excision wound healing | [23] |
25. | Papaya (Caricapapaya) | Latex, fruit | Papain | Diabetic, burn, soft tissue wounds | [44] |
26. | Jungle flame (Ixora coccinea) | Roots, leaves | Sesquiterpenes, Triterpenes, geranyl acetate, ursolicacid | Cutaneous, excision | [45] |
27. | Betle Piper (Piper betle L.) | Leaves | Phenolic complex, betal-phenol, chavicol | Excision wound healing | [46] |
28. | common wireweed (Sida acuta) | Whole plant | Alkaloids, terpenes, and flavonoids | Excision, incision wound healing | [47] |
29. | Drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera) | Leaves | Vitamins vicenin-2, beta-carotene, phenolics, amino acid, | Excision, incision wound healing | [48] |
30. | Indian olive (Olea europaea) | Leaves, oil | Biophenolics, Oleuropein secoiridoid, Luteolin | Incision wound healing | [49] |