Table 1 Summary of the identified ethnomedicinal herbs

1.

Abrus precatorius Linn.

Abrine, Abrectorin, Abrusoside A, Abraline

Anti-convulsant, anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral

[15, 19,20,21,22]

2.

Achyranthes aspera Linn.

Ecdysterone, Eugenol, Betaine, Triacontanol

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant

[29, 33, 34]

3.

Allium sativum Linn.

Ajoene, Allicin, Diallyl disulfide, Vinyldithiins

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-cancer

[39, 40, 42, 43]

4.

Annona muricata Linn.

Annocatalin, Annomuricin A, Annocatacin, Muricatocin

Anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral

[51, 52, 54]

5.

Artemisia afra Jacq.

Acacetin, Scopoletin, Yomogiartemin

Anti-asthmatic, anti-malarial

[58,59,60]

6.

Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

Azadirachtin, Nimbin, Nimbolide, Nimbidin

Anti-malarial, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral

[68, 71,72,73]

7.

Cryptolepis sanguinolenta Lindl.

Cryptolepicarboline, Cryptolepine, Cryptospirolepine

Anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer anti-viral, anti-hyperglycemic

[81, 84, 85]

8.

Curcuma longa Linn.

Curcumin, Quercetin, Curcuminoids

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-coagulant, anti-microbial, anti-viral

[89, 90, 92, 93]

9.

Euphorbia hirta Linn.

Rutin, Euphorbin E, Kaempferol, Afzelin

Anti-malarial, anthelmintic, anti-asthmatic, anti-spasmodic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral

[99,100,101]

10.

Garcinia kola Heckel

Kolanone, Kolaflavanone, Garcinoic acid, Kolaviron

Anti-oxidant, anti-asthma, anti-arthritis, anti-hypertensive, anti-microbial, anti-viral

[105, 106, 109]

11.

Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.

Glycyrrhizin, Licoriphenone, Glycyrrhizic acid

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-viral

[114, 116, 117]

12.

Moringa oleifera Lam.

Apigenin, Luteolin, Phytosterols, Quercetin

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, anti-viral

[124,125,126, 129, 130]

13.

Nigella sativa Linn.

Thymoquinone, Cymene, Carvacrol, Thymohydroquinone

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, analgesic, anti-viral anti-microbial, anti-parasitic

[137, 139, 140]

14.

Psidium guajava Linn.

Ascorbic acid, Caryophyllene, Gallic acid

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, immune-system stimulatory

[147, 151]

15.

Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Zingiberene, Zingerone, Gingerol, Gingerdiol

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-rhinoviral, anti-cancer

[158, 159, 162, 163]