Ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv (Olacaceae): a review

Ahmad, Mubarak Hussaini; Jatau, Abubakar Ibrahim; Alshargi, Omar Yahya; Julde, Sa’adatu Muhammad; Mohammed, Mustapha; Muhammad, Surajuddeen; Mustapha, Sagir; Bala, Auwal Adam; Wada, Abubakar Sadiq; Aminu, Musa; Usman, Abba Musab

doi:10.1186/s43094-021-00264-w

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 1 Ethnopharmacological uses of Olax subscorpioidea and scientific confirmation of their pharmacological activity

From: Ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv (Olacaceae): a review

Ethnomedicinal uses	Plant part	References	Confirmation of pharmacological activity
Alzheimer’s disease	Leaves	[22]	Confirmed [22]
Antidote against venomous stings and bites	Leaves, twig, and bark	[21]	Not confirmed
Anxiety	Whole plant	[20]	Not confirmed
Aphrodisiac	Roots	[11]	Not confirmed
Arthritis	Leaves, twig, and bark	[21]	Confirmed [27]
Asthma	Roots	[16]	Not confirmed
Cancer	Roots	[18]	Confirmed [28]
Constipation	Fruit, seed, root, bark	[8, 19, 24]	Not confirmed
Convulsion	Roots and leaves	[13]	Confirmed [29, 30]
Cough	Whole plant	[25]	Not confirmed
Dental diseases	Stem or roots	[12]	Not confirmed
Depression	Leaves	[23]	Confirmed [13, 31]
Dermatosis	Whole plant	[25]	Not confirmed
Diabetes mellitus	Roots	[14, 15]	Confirmed [15, 32]
Diarrhoea	Roots	[8]	Not confirmed
Fever	Leaves, twig, and bark	[21]	Not confirmed
Gonorrhoea	Not specified	[26]	Not confirmed
Guinea worm	Bark or leaves	[19]	Not confirmed
Headache	Whole plant	[25]	Not confirmed
Hepatic diseases	Leaves, twig, and bark	[21]	Confirmed [21]
Inflammation	Roots	[18]	Confirmed [23, 30, 33]
Infectious diseases	Whole plant	[20]	Confirmed [7, 12, 24, 25, 34]
Jaundice	Whole plant	[24, 25]	Not confirmed
Malaria	Roots	[17, 25]	Not confirmed
Obesity	Roots	[14]	Confirmed [14]
Pain	Leaves	[21]	Confirmed [18, 23, 33, 35]
Parasitic infections	Roots	[11]	Confirmed [36]
Postpartum haemorrhage	Not specified	[26]	Not confirmed
Rheumatism	Stem and leaves	[18]	Not confirmed
Sexually transmitted diseases	Leaves, twig, and bark	[9, 21]	Not confirmed
Syphilis	Whole plant	[25]	Not confirmed
Typhoid	Roots	[14]	Not confirmed
Ulcer	Roots	[8]	Confirmed [8]
Yellow fever	Leaves	[9]	Not confirmed

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