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Table 2 Phytoconstituents for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation

From: Skin hyperpigmentation and its treatment with herbs: an alternative method

S.No.

Phytoconstituent

Common source

Structure

Traditional use

Reference

1

Resveratrol

Vitis vinifera

Inhibition of melanin synthesis, tyrosinase inhibitor

[84, 114]

2

Genistein

Glycine max

Antioxidant, inhibit melanogenesis pathway

[115]

3

Ellagic acid

Rubus idaeus

Antioxidant, suppresses melanogenesis

[116]

4

Quercetin

Citrus aurantium

Anti-melanogenesis effect, tyrosinase inhibitor

[117]

5

l-ascorbic acid

Embelica officinalis

Skin lightening effect

[118]

6

Hydroquinone

Agaricus hondensis

Epidermal-type melasma inhibitor, tyrosinase inhibitor

[119]

7

Kojic acid

Aspergillus oryzae

Tyrosinase inhibitor

[120]

8

Taxifolin

Cedrus deodara

Inhibit melanin synthesis

[121]

9

6-Hydroxydiadzein

Glycine max

Inhibit melanin synthesis

[122]

10

Gnetol

Gnetum gnemon

Tyrosinase inhibitor

[123]

11

9-Hydroxy-4-methoxypsoralen

Angelica dahurica

Tyrosinase inhibitor

[124]

12

Kuraridin

Sophora flavescens

Tyrosinase inhibitor

[125]

13

p-Coumaric Acid

Arachis hypogaea

Antioxidant, inhibit melanin synthesis

[126]