From: Review on the phytochemistry and toxicological profiles of Aloe vera and Aloe ferox
Plant part | Phytochemicals present | Method of extraction and solvent used | Method of detection | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fresh leaves | Phenolic acids; caffeoylquinic acid hexoside and 3,4-O-(E) caffeoyl feruloyl quinic acid Anthraquinones; Aloeresin E, isoaloeresin D, and 2'-O-feruloylaloesin Flavonoids; Orientin, vicenin II, and Lucenin II | Cold percolation (methanol) | HPLC–MS | [12] |
Phenols, Alkaloids, saponins, and sterols | Cold maceration (Hexane) | Phytochemical screening and TLC | [13] | |
Saponins, sterols, and phenols | Cold maceration (Ethyl acetate) | |||
Alkaloids, saponins, sterols, flavonoids, and phenols | Cold maceration (Methanol) | |||
Alkaloids, tannins, sterols, flavonoids, and phenols | Cold maceration (Aqueous) | |||
Chromones; aloesin, 8-C-glucosyl-7-O-methyl-(S)-aloesol and isoaloeresin D. Phenyl pyrones; aloenin and aloenin B Anthrones; Aloe emodin, aloin A and B, 8-O-methyl-7-hydroxyaloin A and B, and 10-hydroxyaloin A | Sonication (ethanol) | HPLC | [14] | |
Sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, aloin, aloe-emodin 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, catechin, and epicatechin | Blended with 80% chilled acetone | HPLC | [15] | |
Cardiac glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, reducing sugar, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, carbohydrates, amino acids, tannins, and saponin glycosides | Cold maceration (methanol and ethanol) Hot maceration (water) | Phytochemical screening | [16] | |
Dietary fiber (mannan), malic acid, α-tocopherol, phenolic compounds, and apigenin glycoside derivatives | Soxhlet extraction (petroleum ether) Maceration (ethanol: water) | Uv-vis, MS | [17] | |
Phytosterols (β-sitosterol) | N/A | GC-MS | [18] | |
Aldehydes; 4-ethyllbenzaldehyde and benzene acetaldehyde Acids; lauric acid, palmitic acid Carboxylic acids; hydroxyoctanoic acid derivative, octadecanoic acid Alkanes; hexadecane derivative | Maceration (hexane) | GC-MS | [19] | |
Terpenoids, Tannins, Flavonoids, resins, anthraquinones, saponins, glycosides, acidic compounds, lignin, semi anthraquinone like derivatives, polysaccharides, vitamin B complex, phenol-chromones, and chromones | Dissolution with 95% ethanol | Phytochemical screening and HPLC | [20] | |
Alkaloids, anthraquinones, terpenes, phenols, tannins, coumarins, and flavonoids | Sonication (dichloromethane and methanol) | Phytochemical screening | [21] | |
Dried leaves | Alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, reducing sugars, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids | Cold percolation (methanol) | Phytochemical screening | [22] |
Flavonoids, tannins, and saponins Terpenoids; Squalene, phytol, and lupeol Alkynes; 1-Tetradecyne and 1-Octadecyne Carboxylic acids; Tridecanoic acid and n-Hexadecanoic acid Alkanes; 1-lodo-2-methylundecane, eicosane, octadecane, 2-methyl nonadecane, and tetracontane, 3,5,24-trimethyl-C Fatty acids; Oleic acid Dicarboxylic acid; Oxalic acid Alcohol; 1-Octanol Ester; 2-butyl- didodecyl phthalate Vitamins; α-Tocopherol and vitamin E Sterols; β-Sitosterol | Soxhlet extraction (distilled water, ethanol, acetone solution) | Phytochemical screening and GC-MS | [23] | |
Anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, squalene, oleic acid, dodecanoic acid, p-xylene, and n-hexadecanoic acid | Maceration (Water) | Phytochemical screening and GC-MS | [24] | |
Saponins, phytosterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, and carbohydrates | Soxhlet extraction (80% ethanol) | Phytochemical screening and GC-MS | [25] | |
tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and alkaloids | Soxhlet extraction (chloroform) Maceration (water) | Phytochemical screening | [26] | |
Dried Flowers | Phenolic compounds; Quercitrin, gentisic acid, and epicatechin | Maceration (methanol) | Reverse Phase-HPLC | [27] |
Coumarin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, D-catechin, vanillic acid, narigenin, resveratrol, cinnamic acid, thymol, quercetin, and naringin | Maceration (70% ethanol) | HPLC | [28] | |
Phenolic acids; Chlorogenic, caffeic, 5-p-coumaroylquinic, caffeoyl shikimic, 5-feruloyl quinic, 5-p-cis-coumaroylquinic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids Flavonoids; luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, isoorientin, isovitexin, kaempferol, saponarin, and lutonarin Anthranoids; Aloe emodin | Ultrasonication (methanol) | HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS/MS | [29] |