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Table 3 Plants and ingredients commonly used in cocktail antimalarial remedies in Ogun state

From: Survey of ethnobotanical cocktails commonly used in the treatment of malaria in southwestern Nigeria

Scientific names of the plants (as combined)

Family

Common names

Local names

Parts used

Frequency mentioned

Source for plant

Method of preparation

Mode of administration/duration of use

Nauclea latifolia

Carica papaya

Rubiaceae

Caricaceae

African peach

Pawpaw

Egbesi

Ibepe

Roots

Leaves

3

Herb vendors

Boiled

Drink for 5 days

Lawsonia inermis

Cajanus cajan

Lythraceae

Fabaceae

Henna plant

Pigeon pea

Laali

Otili

Leaves

Leaves

3

Forest/bush, herb vendors

Boiled in sweet water

Drink for 1 week

Cajanus cajan

Nauclea latifolia

Citrus aurantiifolia

Fabaceae

Rubiaceae

Rutaceae

Pigeon pea

African peach

Lime

Otili

Egbesi

Osan wewe

Leaves

Root

Leaves, fruits

2

Herbal homes, herb vendors

Boiled with omidun

Drink for 1 week

Alstonia boonei Mangifera indica

Taraxacum officinale

Sorghum bicolor

Apocyanaceae

Anacerdiaceae

Asteraceae

Poaceae

Stool wood

Mango

Dandelion greens

Guinea corn

Ahun

Mangoro

Yarin

Jero

Stem bark

Stem bark

Bark

Leaves

2

Home environment,

Forest/bush

Herb vendors

Soaked with water, 7 up, palm wine or omidun

Drink 1–2 schnapps cups 3 times daily for 3–4 days

Enantia chlorantha

Cymbopogon citratus

Curcuma longa

Annonaceae

Poaceae

Fabaceae

Lettuce leaves

Lemon grass

Turmeric

Awopa

Kooko-oba

Ata Ile pupa

Stem bark

Leaves

Root

6

Herb vendors

Boil with water

Drink 3–4 cups daily till well

Nauclea latifolia

Citrus aurantiifolia

Securinega virosa

Citrus limon

Rubiaceae

Rutaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Rutaceae

African peach

Lime

Bush weed

Lemon

Egbesi

Osan wewe

Iranje

Osan gaingain

Root

Fruits

Leaves

Leaves

1

Forest/bush

Boiled together

Drink 3 times daily for 3 days

Celastrus indica

Citrullus colocynthis

Enantia chlorantha

Ananas comosus

Zingiber officinale

Celastraceae

Cucurbitaceae

Annonaceae

Bromeliaceae

Zingiberaceae

Bittersweet roots

Wild gourd

Lettuce leaves

Pineapple

Ginger

Ponju-owiwi

Bara

Awopa

Ope oyinbo

Atale funfun

Root

Seed

Stem bark

Unripe fruit

Dried roots

1

Herb vendors

Boiled with omidun

Drink 3 times daily for 2 days

Carica papaya

Vernonia amygdalina

Caricaceae

Asteraceae

Pawpaw

Bitter leaf

Ibepe

Ewuro

Leaves

Fresh leaves

6

Home environment

Squeezed with water

Drink for 10 days

Enantia chlorantha

Curcuma longa

Capsicum frutescens

Annonaceae

Fabaceae

Solanaceae

Lettuce leaves

Tumeric

Chili pepper

Awopa

Ata Ile pupa Ata_ijosi

Stem bark

Seed

Seed

1

Herb vendors

Boiled with omidun

Drink 1cup 3 times for 1 day, repeat at intervals

Carica papaya

Enantia chlorantha

Alstonia boonei

Mangifera indica

Caricaceae

Annonaceae

Apocyanaceae

Anacerdiaceae

Pawpaw

Lettuce leaves

Stool wood

Mango

Ibepe

Awopa

Epo ahun

Mangoro

Unripe fruit

Stem bark

Stem bark

Stem bark

2

Home environment, herb vendors

Soaked with water or omidun

Drink 1 cup 3 times a day at regular intervals

Acacia auriculiformis

Azadirachta indica

Lawsonia inermis

Cymbopogon citratus

Ananas comosus

Kigelia africana

Fabaceae

Meliaceae

Lythraceae

Poaceae

Bromeliaceae

Bignoniaceae

Earleaf acacia

Neem

Henna plant

Lemon grass

Pineapple

Sausage tree

Kasia

Dogonyaro

Laali

Kooko-oba

Ope oyinbo

Pandoro

Leaves, bark

Leaves

Fresh leaves

Leaves

Leaves, bark

Seed

1

Home environment, herb vendors, forest/bush

Boiled together

Drink often

Ananas comosus

Citrus aurantiifolia

Cymbopogon citratus

Bromeliaceae

Rutaceae

Poaceae

Pineapple

Lime

Lemon grass

Ope oyinbo

Osan wewe

Kooko-oba

Bark

Leaves, fruits

Leaves

5

Home environment, herb vendors

Boiled together

Drink till well

Nauclea latifolia

Morinda lucida

Azadirachta indica

Rubiaceae

Rubiaceae

Meliaceae

African peach

Brimstone tree

Neem

Egbesi

Oruwo

Dogonyaro

Roots

Leaves

Leaves, bark

7

Forest/bush

Parboiled with water

Adults only. Drink 1 cup 3 times daily 3–7 days

Enantia chlorantha

Citrus aurantium

Citrus aurantiifolia

Cymbopogon citratus

Annonaceae

Rutaceae

Rutaceae

Poaceae

Lettuce leaves

Bitter orange

Lime

Lemon grass

Awopa

Osan jaganyin

Osan wewe

Kooko-oba

Stem bark

Fruit

Fruit

Leaves

2

Herb vendors

Boiled with Lipton tea bags in omidun

Drink twice daily for 2 days

Azadirachta indica

Anacardium occidentalis

Mangifera indica

Meliaceae

Anacardiaceae

Anacerdiaceae

Neem

Cashew

Mango

Dogonyaro

Kaju

Mangoro

Leaves

Leaves

Leaves

1

Home environment

Soaked in hot water

Drink 1 cup daily for 5 days

Citrus aurantiifolia

Diospyros monbuttensis

Rutaceae

Ebenaceae

Lime

Yoruba ebony

Osan wewe

Eegun eja

Leaves, fruits

Fresh leaves

2

Herb vendors

Boiled in calabash

Drink ½ cup daily for 7 days

Cymbopogon citratus

Taraxacum officinale

Mangifera indica

Nauclea latifolia

Poaceae

Asteraceae

Anacerdiaceae

Rubiaceae

Lemon grass

Dandelion greens

Mango

African peach

Kooko-oba

Yarin

Mangoro

Egbesi

Leaves

Bark

Bark, leaves

Roots

3

Herb vendors

Parboiled with water

Drink 1 small cup, 2 times daily for 3–4 days