Survey of ethnobotanical cocktails commonly used in the treatment of malaria in southwestern Nigeria

Omagha, Rachel; Idowu, Emmanuel Taiwo; Alimba, Chibuisi Gideon; Otubanjo, Adetoro Olubunmi; Adeneye, Adeniyi Kazeem

doi:10.1186/s43094-021-00298-0

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 4 Plants and ingredients commonly used in cocktail antimalarial remedies in Oyo state

From: Survey of ethnobotanical cocktails commonly used in the treatment of malaria in southwestern Nigeria

Scientific names of the plants (as combined)	Family	Common names	Local names	Parts used	Frequency mentioned	Source for plant	Method of preparation	Mode of administration/duration of use
Azadirachta indica Mangifera indica Vernonia amygdalina	Meliaceae Anacerdiaceae Asteraceae	Neem Mango Bitter leaf	Dogonyaro Mangoro Ewuro	Fresh leaves Stem bark Fresh leaves	2	Forest/bush, home environment	Boiled with omidun	Drink for 7 days
Azadirachta indica Vernonia amygdalina Psidium guajava	Meliaceae Asteraceae Myrtaceae	Neem Bitter leaf Guava	Dogonyaro Ewuro Guaba	Fresh leaves Fresh leaves Fresh leaves	1	Herb vendors	Boiled	Drink for 2–3 days
Ananas comosus Citrus limon	Bromeliaceae Rutaceae	Pineapple Lemon	Ope oyinbo Osan gaingain	Unripe fruit Unripe fruits	2	Home environment	Soaked with omidun for 3 h	Drink for 3–5 days
Carica papaya Enantia chlorantha Alstonia boonei Mangifera indica	Caricaceae Annonaceae Apocyanaceae Anacerdiaceae	Pawpaw Lettuce leaves Stool wood Mango	Ibepe Awopa Epo ahun Mangoro	Unripe fruit Stem bark Stem bark Stem bark	5	Herb vendors, home environment	Soaked with water or omidun	Drink 2–4 cups at regular intervals of 1 week
Ananas comosus Carica papaya Citrus aurantiifolia Cymbopogon citratus	Bromeliaceae Caricaceae Rutaceae Poaceae	Pineapple Pawpaw Lime Lemon grass	Ope oyinbo Ibepe Osan wewe Kooko-oba	Unripe fruit Unripe fruit Leaves, fruits Leaves	3	Home environment	Soaked with omidun for 3 h	Drink for 3–5 days
Azadirachta indica Lawsonia inermis Ocimum basilicum	Meliaceae Lythraceae Lamiaceae	Neem Henna plant Sweet basil	Dogonyaro Laali Effinrin osho	Fresh leaves Fresh leaves Leaves	2	Herb vendors	Boiled	Drink, bath with, for over 1 week
Azadirachta indica Carica papaya Mangifera indica Nauclea latifolia	Meliaceae Caricaceae Anacerdiaceae Rubiaceae	Neem Pawpaw Mango African peach	Dogonyaro Ibepe Mangoro Egbesi	Leaves Leaves, fruits Leaves, stem bark Stem bark	4	Home environment, herb vendors	Boiled	Drink for 3–7 days
Nauclea latifolia Taraxacum officinale Alstonia boonei	Rubiaceae Asteraceae Apocyanaceae	African peach Dandelion greens Stool wood	Egbesi Efo yarin Epo ahun	Stem bark Stem bark Stem bark	2	Forest/bush, herbal homes	Boiled	Drink for 1 week
Mangifera indica Citrus aurantiifolia Nauclea latifolia	Anacerdiaceae Rutaceae Rubiaceae	Mango Lime African peach	Mangoro Osan wewe Egbesi	Stem bark Fruits Stem bark	3	Herb vendors, home environment	Extracted with water	Drink for 2 week
Byrsocarpus coccineus Alstonia boonei Mangifera indica	Connaraceae Apocyanaceae Anacerdiaceae	? Stool wood Mango	Amuje wewe Epo ahun Mangoro	Stem bark, root Stem bark, root Leaves, stem bark	5	Forest/bush	Extracted with hot water	Drink for 2 weeks
Taraxacum officinale Alstonia boonei Nauclea latifolia Mangifera indica	Asteraceae Apocyanaceae Rubiaceae Anacerdiaceae	Dandelion greens Stool wood African peach Mango	Efo yarin Epo ahun Egbesi Mangoro	Stem bark Stem bark, root Root, stem bark Leaves, stem bark	1	Herb vendors	Extracted with hot water	Drink for 2–3 weeks
Olax subscorpioidea Cymbopogon citratus	Olacaceae Poaceae	Olax Lemon grass	Ifon Kooko-oba	Dried bark Fresh leaves	3	Herb vendors	Boiled with omidun	Drink for 7 days
Diospyros monbuttensis Lawsonia inermis	Ebenaceae Lythraceae	Yoruba ebony Henna plant	Eegun eja Laali	Fresh leaves Fresh leaves	5	Herb vendors	Extracted with hot water or omidun	Drink for 5 days
Enantia chlorantha Cymbopogon citratus Curcuma longa	Annonaceae Poaceae Fabaceae	Lettuce leaves Lemon grass Tumeric	Awopa Kooko-oba Ata Ile pupa	Stem bark Leaves Root	3	Forest/bush, herbal vendors	Boiled with water	Drink 2 cups daily for 1–2 weeks
Citrus aurantiifolia Cymbopogon citratus Morinda lucida Alstonia boonei Mangifera indica Taraxacum officinale	Rutaceae Poaceae Rubiaceae Apocyanaceae Anacerdiaceae Asteraceae	Lime Lemon grass Brimstone tree Stool wood Mango Dandelion greens	Osan wewe Kooko-oba Oruwo Epo ahun Mangoro Yarin	Leaves Leaves Leaves Bark Stem bark Bark	2	Home environment, herb vendors	Soaked with water	Drink 1 small cup 3 times daily for 3–7 days
Lawsonia inermis Cymbopogon citratus Azadirachta indica	Lythraceae Poaceae Meliaceae	Henna plant Lemon grass Neem	Laali Kooko-oba Dogonyaro	Fresh leaves Leaves Leaves, stem	4	Home environment, herb vendors	Boiled	Drink 1–3 cups daily when feverish
Carica papaya Cymbopogon citratus Ananas comosus	Caricaceae Poaceae Bromeliaceae	Pawpaw Lemon grass Pineapple	Ibepe Kooko-oba Ope oyinbo	Unripe fruits Fresh leaves Unripe fruit	2	Home environment	Parboiled with water	Drink for 7 days
Nauclea latifolia Taraxacum officinale	Rubiaceae Asteraceae	African peach Dandelion greens	Egbo egbesi Efo yarin	Stem bark Stem bark	1	Herb vendors	Boiled	Drink 2 cups daily for 2 weeks
Mangifera indica Citrus aurantiifolia Nauclea latifolia	Anacerdiaceae Rutaceae Rubiaceae	Mango Lime African peach	Mangoro Osan wewe Egbo egbesi	Stem bark Fruit Stem bark	3	Home environment, herb vendors	Extracted with hot water	Drink 1 cup 3–4 times daily for 2 weeks

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