Table 1 Difference between M1 and M2 macrophages

Activation

Classically activated

Alternatively activated

Th cell involved

Th1 cells

Th2 Cells

Subtypes

–

M2a, M2b and M2c

Stimuli

IFN-γ or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

IL-4, IL-10 or IL-13

Antigen presentation

Yes

No

Proinflammatory cytokines

High levels

Low Levels

Autophagy

Induced

Decreased

Nitric oxide production

Yes

No

Phagocytosis

Increases

Decreases

Function

Protect against bacteria and viruses

Wound healing and tissue repair build extracellular matrix