Table 4 The therapeutic effect of plants on various factors and pathways leading to IPF
S. no. | Pathway responsible for IPF | Compounds responsible and effect of plant extracts | |
|---|---|---|---|
Increase | Decrease | ||
1. | Oxidative stress regulations | GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx | ROS, MDA, NOS, NO, MPO |
2. | Autophagy inhibition | Â | LC3A, beclin |
3. | Signalling pathway regulation | Nrf2-Keapl | TGF-β1/Smads; ROS/MAPK; NF-kB |
4. | EMT reversion | E-Cadherin | Vimentin, α-SMA, Snail |
5. | Inflammation regulation |  | TNF-α, IL-1β,4,6,8,10,13,17,18 |
6. | Fibrotic regulation | Â | MMP-2,9; collagen, Smad 2/3; TIMP |
7. | Other roles | IFN-γ | PDGF, hydroxyproline |