No | Plant species (Family) | Used parts | Traditional cures | Treatment or preparation at different temperatures | Treatment under gastric conditions | Cytotoxicity (IC50) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
°C | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | HT29 | HepG2 | HEK293 | ||||
Juices from fresh herbs | |||||||||||
1 | Allium tuberosum Rottler ex spreng (Amaryllidaceae) | Whole plant | Sore throat, cough and skin infection | 25 | 0.09 | 0.72 | 0.18 | 0.72 | 0.07 | 0.43 | 0.37 |
70 | 0.09 | 1.44 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
100 | 0.70 | 2.80 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
2 | Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae) | Cloves | Sore throat, dysentery, injuries with pus and other infections | 25 | 3.15 | 12.60 | 12.60 | 100.80 | 1.69 | 3.12 | 1.12 |
70 | – | – |  |  |  |  |  | ||||
100 | – | – |  |  |  |  |  | ||||
Aqueous extracts from dry plants | |||||||||||
3 | Blechnum orientale L. (Blechnaceae) | Leaf | Dysentery, diarrhea and haematuria | 25 | 3.98 | 7.96 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
70 | 1.22 | 4.88 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
100 | 1.15 | 4.60 | 1.15 | 9.20 | 1.54 | 0.75 | 1.89 | ||||
4 | Breynia fruticosa (L.) Müll.Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) | Leaf | Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, gastritis, enteritis, dysentery, pimples and dermatitis | 25 | 3.00 | 3.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
70 | 4.27 | 4.27 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
100 | 0.70 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 2.80 | 1.34 | 3.91 | 2.09 | ||||
5 | Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) | Aerial parts | Dysentery, enteritis, nephritis, pyelonephritis, dermatitis and shingles | 25 | – | – |  |  |  |  |  |
70 | 0.80 | – |  |  |  |  |  | ||||
100 | 0.95 | 1.90 | 1.90 | 7.60 | 5.77 | 2.16 | 2.88 | ||||
6 | Euphorbia thymifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) | Aerial parts | Dysentery and pimples | 25 | 5.30 | – |  |  |  |  |  |
70 | 0.74 | – |  |  |  |  |  | ||||
100 | 0.83 | 1.66 | 1.66 | 13.28 | 3.53 | 2.07 | 2.12 | ||||
7 | Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour. (Euphorbiaceae) | Leaf | Diarrhea, haematuria and ulcers | 25 | 0.44 | – |  |  |  |  |  |
70 | 0.26 | 4.16 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
100 | 0.45 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 3.60 | 4.38 | 1.52 | 2.37 | ||||
8 | Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) | Leaf | Sore throat, stomach ache, dysentery, cholera and chronic bronchitis | 25 | 3.74 | – |  |  |  |  |  |
70 | 1.13 | – |  |  |  |  |  | ||||
100 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 5.27 | 4.07 | 4.98 | ||||
9 | Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) | Aerial parts | Typhoid, colitis, gastritis, nephritis, diarrhea and hepatitis | 25 | 0.89 | 1.78 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
70 | 0.63 | 1.26 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
100 | 0.75 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 3.00 | 0.93 | 1.17 | 1.24 | ||||
10 | Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) | Leaf | Dysentery, acute enteritis and diarrhea | 25 | 0.32 | 0.64 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
70 | 0.23 | 0.46 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
100 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.60 | 0.54 | 0.39 | ||||
11 | Punica granatum L. (Lythraceae) | Leaf | Dysentery, diarrhea and urinary tract infections | 25 | 0.49 | 7.84 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
70 | 0.69 | 11.04 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
100 | 0.37 | 0.74 | 0.37 | 0.74 | 1.01 | 1.56 | 2.65 | ||||
12 | Rhodomyrtus tomentos (Aiton) Hassk (Myrtaceae) | Leaf | Abdominal pain, diarrhea, burns, ulcers and wounds | 25 | 0.58 | 4.64 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
70 | 0.58 | 0.58 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
100 | 0.30 | 0.60 | 0.30 | 0.60 | 0.76 | 0.62 | 0.40 | ||||
13 | Rosa odorata (hort. ex Andrews) Sweet Rosaceae | Petals | Cough, pertussis and pimples | 25 | – | – |  |  |  |  |  |
70 | 2.40 | – |  |  |  |  |  | ||||
100 | 0.60 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 2.40 | 2.84 | 1.53 | 1.63 | ||||
14 | Schima wallichii Choisy (Theaceae) | Leaf | Dysentery, enteritis, ulcers and wounds | 25 | 0.48 | 1.92 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
70 | 0.38 | 0.76 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
100 | 0.46 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 1.50 | nd | 1.01 | ||||
 | Meropenem (30 µg/ml) |  |  |  | 1:32a | 1:16 |  |  | > 1:8b | > 1:8b | > 1:8b |
 | Doxycycline (30 µg/ml) |  |  |  | 1:16a | > 1:4b |  |  | > 1:8b | > 1:8b | > 1:8b |
 | Augmentin (60/30 µg/ml) |  |  |  | 1:16a | 1:8 |  |  | > 1:8b | > 1:8b | > 1:8b |
 | DMSO (%) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.6 | 2.4 | 3.5 |