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Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Fig. 2 | Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Fig. 2

From: Detailed insight into the pathophysiology and the behavioral complications associated with the Parkinson's disease and its medications

Fig. 2

Cell death pathways mediated by a mitochondrial malfunction in PD due to various compounds such as, α-synuclein mutation, and LRRK2, PINK1, and DJ1. Cyt c, cytochrome complex; TFAM, transcription factor A; HTRA2, high temperature requirement protein A2; TRAP1, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein; AIF, apoptosis-inducing factor; NAD, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; PAR1, polymerase-1

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