Fig. 15

Mechanism of action of extracts through AMPK activation results in increase in glucose uptake, inhibition of gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase = PEPCK, Protein kinase A = PKA, Glucose 6-phosphatase = G6Pase, Phosphodiesterase 4B = PDE4B, AMP-activated protein kinase = AMPK, Liver kinase B1 = LKB1, Mouse protein-25 = MO-25, Lep R = Leptin R, Protein Phosphatase 2A = PP 2A, Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins = SREBPs, Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 = SCD1, HMG-CoA Reductase = 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase = HMGR, Carnitine Palmitoyl-transferase I = CPT1, Phosphofructokinase 2 = PFK2, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase = PEPCK, Mammalian target of rapamycin = mTOR