From: Plant bioactive compounds and their mechanistic approaches in the treatment of diabetes: a review
S. no | Plant name | Common name | Part used | Bioactive compound | Animal model | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Berleria cristata L. | Kala Bansa | Seeds | a-Tocopherol, pCoumaric acid, Barlerin and Luteolin etc | Alloxan induced diabetic rat | [16] |
2 | Melia azadirachta | Chinaberry | Leaf | Terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, acids, anthraquinones, saponins, alkaloids, tannins and limonoids | Alloxan induced diabetic rat | |
4 | Emblica officinalis Gaertn. | Indian gooseberry | Leaves | Tannins, amlaic acid, astragalin, ellagic acid, gallo-tannin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, phyllantidine, phyllantine and rutin | Streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats | [19] |
5 | Padina boergesenii | Water primose | Whole algae | Pigments, fucoidans, phycocolloids and phlorotannins | STZ induced rat model | [20] |
6 | Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. | Indian kino or Bijasar | Bark | (−)-epicatechin, phenolic constituents such as marsupin, protosupin and pterostilbene | Alloxan monohydrate induced male albino wistar rat | |
7 | Momordica charantia L. | Bitter melons | Fresh or dried fruits | Cucurbitane, charantin, Momordicine II | In STZ-induced T2DM mice | [23] |
8 | Trigonella foenum-graecum L. | Fenugreek | Fruits | Polyphenols, steroids, lipids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, hydrocarbons, carbohydrates, galactomannanfiber, and amino acids (4-hydroxyisoleucine) | Streptozocin-induced diabetic rats | [24] |
9 | Hibiscus rosasinensis | China rose | Flower | Tannins, anthraquinones, quinines, phenols, flavanoides, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, protein, free amino acids, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, mucilage, essential oils and steroids | Non-obesediabetic (NOD) mouse | [25] |
10 | Withania somnifera (L.) | Ashwagandha | Root and leaves | Withanolides: withaferin A, withanone, withanolide A, withanolide B, and withanoside IV terpenoids, alkaloids and phenylpropanoids | Streptozotocin induced DM | |
11 | Ocimum tenufolium | Tulsi | Fresh or dried leaves | Eugenol, methyleugenol, and _- and _-caryophyllene | Alloxaninduced diabetic rats | [28] |
12 | Tinospora cordifolia | Guduchi | Stem, whole plant | Polyphenol, alkaloid and terpenes | Ehrlich ascites tumor cell model system, alloxan treated albino rats | |
13 | Gymnema sylvestre | Gurmar | Leaves | Tannin, quinones, flavonoids, and phenols, saponins (Oleanane and dammarane) | STZ induced male rat model | |
14 | Enicostemma littorale | Chota-kirayata | Whole plant | Alkaloids like enicoflavin and gentiocrucine, catechins, saponins, two sterols, triterpinoids, phenolic acid, flavonoids, xanthones and volatile oil | Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats | |
15 | Cinnamomum tamala | Indian Cassia | Whole plant | Saponins, phytosterols, fatty acids, carbohydrates, monoterpene, sesquiterpene, geraniolandlinolol, cinnamicaldehyde, eugenol | STZ induced male wistar rat model | [34] |
16 | Allium cepa L. | Onion | Freshor dried bulb | Quercetin, Rutin, l-Cysteinesulfoxide, Allyl propyl disulphide | Alloxan induced diabetic rats | [35] |
17 | Azadirachta indica A. Juss | Neem | Dried leaves | Azadirachtins (e.g., azadirachtolide, azadiradione, gedunin and meliacinolin) | STZ induced Mice model | [36] |
18 | Anacardium occidentale Linn. | Cashew | Leaves | Phenolic, triterpenoids, carbohydrate, xanthoprotein and flavonoids | STZ induced rat model | |
19 | Brassica oleracea | Broccoli | Sprouts | Antioxidant, vitamins terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compound(kaempferol, quercetin), tannins, saponins | Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats | [39] |
20 | Eugenia jambolana | Indian blackberry or Jamun | Seed | Gallic acid and polyphenolic compounds | Streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rat | [40] |
21 | Cassia auriculata Linn. | Tanner’s Cassia | Flowers | Flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and β-sitosterol8-9 | Alloxan Diabetic Rats | [41] |
22 | Curcuma longa | Turmeric | Rhizomes | Curcumin, diferuloylmethane, curcuminoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside and resins, Carbohydrate, terpenes and steroid, Flavonoids, tannins, saponins, balsams and phenols | Alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats | |
23 | Thunbergia laurifolia Linn. | Blue trumpet vine | Flower, leaves | Grandifloric acid, benzyl β-glucopyranoside, benzyl β-(2′-O-β-glucopyranosyl)- glucopyranoside, 6-C-glucopyranosyl apigenin, 6,8-di-Cglucopyranosyl apigenin, (E)-2-hexenyl-β-glucopyranoside, and hexanol-β-glucopyranoside | Alloxan-induced diabetic rats | [44] |
24 | Acacia arabica | Babul | Bark | Polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids (for example, quercetin) | streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rat | [45] |
25 | Aegle marmelos (L.) | Bael | Leaves | Carotenoids, phenolic, alkaloids, pectins, tannins, coumarins, flavonoids and terpenoids | Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Rats (Long Evan) | |
26 | Agrimony eupatoria | Common Agrimony | Leaves | TANNINS, volatile oil and coumarin, gum, phytosterol, polysaccharides, | STZ-diabetic mice | [48] |
27 | Allium sativum L. | Garlic | Bulb | Flavonoid(quercetin), di (2-propenyl) disulphide and 2-propenyl propyl disulphide | Streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats | [49] |
28 | Aloe barbadensis | Ghritkumari | Leaves | Aloe emodin, Aloin/Barbaloin | Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats | |
29 | Benincasa hispida | Ash gourd | Fruits | Volatile oils, flavonoids, glycosides, saccharides, proteins, carotenes, vitamins, minerals, ß-sitosterin and uronic acid | Streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rat | |
30 | Beta vulgaris L. | Beet root | Root juice | Flavonoids, saponins, sterols and triterpenes | Alloxan monohydrate induced diabetes in albino rats | |
31 | Caesalpinia bonducella Roxb | Fever nut | Seeds | Furanoditerpenes, phytosterinin, β-sitosterol, flavonoids, bonducellin, aspartic acid, arginine, citrulline, β-carotene | Alloxan monohydrate induced diabetes in wistar rats | [56] |
32 | Citrullus colocynthis | Bitter apple or a bitter cucumber | Fruits | Flavonoids alkaloids, saponins, tannins and phenols | Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats | [57] |
33 | Coccinia indica | Ivy gourd | Leaves | Triterpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, phenols, resins and quinones | Glucocorticoid Induced Insulin Resistance in Wistar Albino rats | [58] |
34 | Eucalyptus globulus | Dried eucalyptus leaves | Leaves | Eucalyptol (cineol), rutin, terpineol, sesquiterpene, alcohols, aliphatic aldehydes, isoamyl alcohol, ethanol, terpenes and tannins | Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice | [59] |
35 | Ficus bengalensi | Bargad or Banyan tree | Fresh aerial roots | f leucocyanidin 3-O-beta-dgalactosyl cellobioside and a dimethoxy ether of leucopelargonidin-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnoside | Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Female albino Wistar rat | [60] |
34 | Hibiscus rosasinensis | China-rose, Gurhal | Fresh flowers | Tannins, anthraquinones, quinines, phenols, flavanoides, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, protein, free amino acids, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, mucilage, essential oils and steroids | Alloxan monohydrate induced diabetes in wistar rats | |
35 | Ipomoea batatas | Sweet potatoes | Leaves | Polyphenol, vitamins, Anthocyanins, saponin | Alloxan induced diabetic rats | |
36 | Jatropha curcas | Purging nut | Leaves | Alkaloids, tannin, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids | Alloxan-induced diabetic rats | [65] |
37 | Mangifera indica L. | Mango | Leaves | Rhamnetin, catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid derivatives, mangiferin and iriflophenone 3-C-β-D-glucoside, flavonoids and polyphenols | Swiss albino mice | [66] |
39 | Morus alba L. | Mulberry | Branch | Terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids (including chalcones and anthocyanins), phenolic acids, stilbenoids | Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice | |
40 | Mucuna pruriens L. | Velvet beans or Cowitch | Seeds | Glutathione, gallic acid, and beta-sitosterol, palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids., alkaloids(3-methoxy-1,1-dimethyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3.4-tetrahydroquinoline and 3-methoxy-1, 1-dimethyl-7,8-dihydroxy-1,2,3.4-tetrahydroquinoline) | Alloxan-induced diabetic rats | |
41 | Punica granatum L. | Pomegranate | Fruits | Punicalagin anthocyanin, phenolic acids, non-phenolic acids, tannins, and glutenins (4) | Alloxan induced diabetic rats | [71] |
42 | Vincarosea | Madagascar periwinkle, | Whole plant | Alkaloids (vinacristine and vinblastine) and tannins | Alloxan induced diabetic rats | [72] |
43 | Actinidia deliciosa | Kiwi | Fruit | Triterpenoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds (flavonoids, polyphenols, anthraquinones, and coumarins | Alloxan induced diabetic rats | [73] |
44 | Annona squamosa L. | Custard apple | Leaves | Steroids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenes, tannins, phenolic substances, carbohydrates, volatile oil and mucilage | Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats | [74] |
45 | Camellia sinensis | Green tea | Leaves | Alkaloid, flavonoids, tannin | Alloxan induced diabetic rats | [75] |
46 | Boerhavia erecta L. | Tar vine | Whole plant | Flavonoids, tannins and glycosides | Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats | [76] |
47 | Agaricus bisporus | Button mushroom | Fruit | Proteins, amino acids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, ergothionins and vitamins | Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats | [77] |
48 | Semecarpus anacardium (L.) | Marking nut tree | Tem bark | Phenolic compounds as carbolic acid derivatives, bhilawanols, sterols, glycosides, bhilawanols, anacardic acid, anacardoside and flavonoids | Alloxan induced diabetic Long Evans rats | [78] |
49 | Spondias mombin | Hog plum | Leaves | Phenolics, sterols, triterpenes, saponins, essential oils, amino acids, and polysaccharides | Alloxan induced diabetic Wistar albino rats | |
50 | Ruellia tuberosa Linn | Fever root, | Whole plant | Triterpenoids and flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin, 3, 5-diglucoside, apigenin 7-O-glucuronoide,) | Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rabbits | [81] |
51 | Sida rhombifolia | Bala, Mahabala | Aerial part | Flavonoids, Alkaloid, flavonoids, tannin, glycosides, Phenols | Â | [82] |