Smart invasome synthesis, characterizations, pharmaceutical applications, and pharmacokinetic perspective: a review

Nangare, Sopan; Dugam, Shailesh

doi:10.1186/s43094-020-00145-8

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 2 Pharmaceutical applications of invasomes

From: Smart invasome synthesis, characterizations, pharmaceutical applications, and pharmacokinetic perspective: a review

Sr. no.	Drug(s)	Applications	Skin type	Nature of drug	Penetration enhancer	Phospholipids	Results/interference	Ref.
1.	Temoporfin	Photodynamic therapy	Abdominal human skin	Hydrophobic	Cineole	Soybean phosphatidylcholine	Temoporfin loaded invasomes containing 1% w/v cineole exhibited the highest skin penetration enhancement as compared with the liposomes.	[15]
2.	Idebenone, azelaic acid	Antioxidant/anticancer, anti-acne	Excised human skin	Hydrophobic	Limonene, citral, cineole	Soybean phospholipid	Invasomes showed a higher permeation rate of azelaic acid.	[25]
3.	Isotretinoin	Treatment of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis	Rat skin	Hydrophobic	Eugenol	Egg lecithin	Isotretinoin loaded invasomal gel successfully reached the pilosebaceous follicular unit.	[27]
4.	Finasteride	Treatment of alopecia	Excised male Wistar rat skin	Hydrophobic	Limonene, carvone, nerolidol	Soya phosphatidylcholine	Invasomes as effective vesicular carriers for finasteride iontophoretic transdermal delivery.	[30]
5.	Carboxyfluorescein, mannitol	Model drugs	Abdominal human skin	Hydrophilic	Limonene, citral, 1,8-cineole	Soybean phosphatidylcholine	Skin perforation with the Dermarollers® enhanced drug-loaded invasome penetration and permeation rate.	[32]
6.	Cyclosporine A	Treatment of psoriasis and dermatological diseases	Human skin	Hydrophobic	Citral, cineole, d-limonene	Soybean phosphatidylcholine	Invasomes present an effective carrier system for delivering the cyclosporine A to the deeper skin layers.	[12]
7.	Temoporfin	Photodynamic therapy	Female nude mice skin	Hydrophobic	Limonene, citral, cineole	Soybean Phosphatidylcholine	Drug-loaded invasomes after photoirradiation showed a significantly smaller tumor increase (p < 0.05) as compared with control groups.	[33]
8.	Anastrozole	Anticancer	Male Wistar rat skin	Hydrophilic	Nerolidol, geraniol, fenchone, linalool	Soya phosphatidylcholine	Developed anastrozole loaded invasomes enhanced the transdermal flux.	[34]
9.	Minoxidil	Treatment of alopecia	Newborn pigskin	Hydrophobic	Cineole, transcutol, labrasol	Soya Lecithin	The highest minoxidil accumulation in the SC showed by labrasol and cineole based invasomes.	[35]
10.	Dapsone	Antibiotic, anti-inflammatory	Wister albino rat skin	Hydrophobic	Limonene, cineole, citral	Phosphatidylcholine	Skin retention of dapsone increased using invasomes.	[36]
11.	Capsaicin	Use for pain relief	Mice skin	Hydrophobic	d-limonene	Phosphatidylcholine	The 0.15% capsaicin-loaded invasomes showed skin permeability significantly higher than conventional liposomes	[37]
12.	Phenylethyl resorcinol	Anti-tyrosinase activity	Newborn pig skin	Hydrophobic	Citral, limonene, Fenchone	l-α-Phosphatidylcholine	Drug-loaded invasomes exhibited higher tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin content reduction as compared with the liposomes in B16 melanoma cells.	[38]
13.	Avanafil	Treatment of erectile dysfunction	Excised abdominal rat skin	Hydrophobic	d-limonene, β-citronellol	Phospholipon® 90G	Avanafil bioavailability and transdermal permeation improved.	[39]
14.	Isradipine	Calcium channel blocker, antihypertensive	Wister rat skin	Hydrophobic	b-Citronellene	Phospholipon® 90G	Isradipine invasomes accentuate the transdermal flux and showed a substantial and constant decrease in blood pressure.	[26]
15.	Olmesartan medoxomil	Antihypertensive	Wistar rat skin	Hydrophobic	b-Citronellene	Phospholipon® 90G	The transdermal nano-invasomes formulation showed improvement in the bioavailability of olmesartan.	[40]
16.	Tolterodine tartrate	Antispasmodics	Male Wistar rat skin	Hydrophobic	Limonene, fenchone, anethole	Soya phosphotidylcholine 70	The synergetic effect of iontophoretic drug transport and invasome showed a higher permeability rate of tolterodine tartrate.	[41]
17.	Ferulic acid	Antioxidant effect	Excised human skin	Amphiphilic	Limonene, citral, cineole	Phosphatidylcholine	Ethosomes are superior to invasome for the delivery of ferulic acid into the skin	[42]
18.	Curcumin	Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer	Abdominal skin of male Wistar rat	Hydrophobic	Limonene, Fenchone, Nerolidol	Soya phosphatidylcholine 70	Invasomal preparation of complex curcumin with 0.5% limonene improved the solubility and permeation through the skin.	[43]

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