Table 1 Classes of polyphenols
From: Flavonoids as natural phenolic compounds and their role in therapeutics: an overview
Class | Main structure | Compound | Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Phenolic acids | Hydroxy-benzoic acid | p-Hydroxy-benzoic acid Gallic acid | Hypoglycemic Antimicrobial Antihypertensive Antihyperglycaemic | [115] [116] [117] [118] |
Cinnamic acid | Rosmarinic acid Ferulic acid Caffeic acid Chlorogenic acid | Hepatoprotective Nephroprotective Antihypertensive Antihyperglycaemic Neuroprotective Anti-inflammatory Antidiabetic Anti-inflammatory | [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] | |
Flavonoids | Flavones | Chrysin Luteolin | Neuroprotective Cytotoxic Antiallergic Apoptotic | [127] [128] [129] [130] |
Flavanones | Naringenin Hesperetin Eriodictyol | Anti-inflammatory Antidiabetic Antiplatelet Apoptotic Hepatoprotective Anticancer | [131] [132] [133] [134] [135] [136] | |
Flavonols | Quercetin Kaempferol Fisetin | Neuroprotective Antihypertensive Apoptotic Anti-inflammatory Cardioprotective Anti-inflammatory | [137] [138] [139] [140] [141] [142] | |
Flavanols | Catechin Epicatechin | Neuroprotective Antioxidant Antidiabetic Nephroprotective | [91] [143] [144] [145] | |
Stilbenoids | – | Piceatannol Resveratrol | Antimutagenic Anticancer Apoptotic Immunomodulatory | [146] [147] [148] [149] |
Lignans | – | Isotaxiresinol Secoisolariciresinol | Anti-osteoporotic Hepatoprotective Hepatoprotective Antioxidant | [150] [151] [151] [152] |