From: Biological activities of limonoids in the Genus Khaya (Meliaceae): a review
Khaya species | Activity | Part | Solvent | Phytochemicals detected | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
K. senegalensis | Anti-diabetic at 300 mg/kg BW on T2D induced male Sprague-Dawley rats | Root | Ethanol | N.r. | [69] |
K. senegalensis | Immunostimulating activity against amastigotes (EC50 = 3.85 and 3.98 mg/ml for catechin-(4a,6)-catechin and catechin-(4a,8)-catechin, respectively) | Bark | Methanol | Catechin-(4a,6)-catechin and catechin-(4a,8)-catechin) | [70] |
K. senegalensis | Anthelmintic against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. LC50 0.69 mg/ml (aqueous), LC50 0.51 mg/ml (ethanolic). | Bark | Ethanol, Aqueous | N.r. | [71] |
K. senegalensis | Anticoccidial at 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg against experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chicken | Stem bark | Aqueous | Tannins, saponin, cardiac glycosides and steroids | [72] |
K. senegalensis | Antidiarrheal in castor oil-induced diarrhoea in albino rats | Stem bark | Ethanol, Aqueous | Flavonoids, tannins and cardiac glycosides | [73] |
K. senegalensis | Anti-ulcer at 200, 400, 800 mg/kg against ethanol-induced gastric ulceration in Wistar rats | Stem bark | Methanol | Alkaloids, carbohydrate, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and triterpenes | [74] |
K. senegalensis | Nematocidal at 60 mg on root-knot nematodes in cowpea | Bark | NA | N.r. | [75] |
K. senegalensis | Anti-Trypanosoma against T. brucei brucei in infected Wistar rats | Stem bark | Methanol | N.r. | [76] |
K. senegalensis | Antidermatophytic (MIC 1.2–2.4 μg/ml) against Trichophyton mentagrophyte, Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton terrestre and Microsporum canis | Stem bark | Methanol, Aqueous, Chloroform | Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and anthraquinone | [77] |
K. senegalensis | Antioxidant with IC50 3.37 ± 0.61–9.900 ± 1.2 mg/ml for DPPH | Leaves | Aqueous, ethanol, methanol and Butanol | Flavonoids and phenols | [78] |
K. senegalensis | Antioxidant with IC50 46, 37 and 64 μl for leaves, root and stem bark, respectively for xanthine assay; IC50 178, 91 and 122 μl for leaves, root and stem bark, respectively for 2-deoxyguanosine assay | Leaves, root, stem bark | Methanol | Catechin, rutin, quercetin rhamnoside, catechin and procyanidins | [79] |
K. grandifoliola | Gastric antisecretory at 50–500 mg/kg in HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions in male Wistar rats | Stem bark | Aqueous | Tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenols, quinones, coumarins, sterols, triterpenoids, and glycosides | [80] |
K. grandifoliola | Desmutagenic and antimutagenic activities in ethyl methanesulphonate and ribose lysine induced mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 (His). | Leaves, flower | Ethanol | Quercetin 3-O-rhamnoglucoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin and 6-methoxycoumarin-7-O arabinofuranoside | [81] |
K. grandifoliola | In vivo antiviral activity at 100 μg/ml in hepatitis C virus | Bark | Methylene chloride/methanol (50:50 v/v) | Benzene, 1,1′-(oxydiethylidene) bis (1), carbamic acid, (4-methylphenyl)-, 1-phenyl (2) and 6-phenyl, 4-(1′-oxyethylphenyl) | [29] |
K. grandifoliola | Insecticidal activity 85% against Rhyzopertha dominica and 80% against Tribolium castaneum | Essential oil from stem bark | n-hexane | α-pinene, limonene, β-carophyllene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene and citronellol | [82] |
K. grandifoliola | Molluscicidal activity (100% at 1 g/L) against freshwater snails. | Bark | Ethanol | N.r. | [83] |
K. grandifoliola | Immunomodulatory activity at 200 μg/ml on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | Polysaccharide fractions of stem bark | Ethanol | Glucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose | [84] |
K. anthotheca | Antiplasmodial activity (IC50 0.955 μg/ml) against Plasmodium falciparum and antitrypanosomal activity (IC50 5.72 μg/ml) against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense | Seeds | Petroleum ether | N.r. | [39] |
K. anthotheca | Antiplatelet activity (EC50 0.97 ± 0.03 μg/ml) in adrenaline (epinephrine) induced platelet aggregation in equine platelets. | Leaves | Acetone | N.r. | [85] |
K. anthotheca | Antioxidant (EC50 0.10) for TEAC assay and (EC50 176.40 ± 26.56 μg/ml) for DPPH assay. | Leaves | Acetone | N.r. | [85] |
K. ivorensis | Antioxidant (IC50 2.08–4.48 μg/ml) for DPPH and (IC50 2.78 μg/ml) for ABTS assay. | Stem bark, root | Ethanolic | Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids. | [86] |
K. ivorensis | Termicidal activity (100% mortality at 200 and 400 mg/ml) against subterranean termites. | Stem bark | Ethanolic, aqueous | N.r. | [87] |