Table 2 Other (non-limonoid) reported bioactivities in the genus Khaya for the period 2000–2020

K. senegalensis

Anti-diabetic at 300 mg/kg BW on T2D induced male Sprague-Dawley rats

Root

Ethanol

N.r.

[69]

K. senegalensis

Immunostimulating activity against amastigotes (EC50 = 3.85 and 3.98 mg/ml for catechin-(4a,6)-catechin and catechin-(4a,8)-catechin, respectively)

Bark

Methanol

Catechin-(4a,6)-catechin and catechin-(4a,8)-catechin)

[70]

K. senegalensis

Anthelmintic against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. LC₅₀ 0.69 mg/ml (aqueous), LC₅₀ 0.51 mg/ml (ethanolic).

Bark

Ethanol, Aqueous

N.r.

[71]

K. senegalensis

Anticoccidial at 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg against experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chicken

Stem bark

Aqueous

Tannins, saponin, cardiac glycosides and steroids

[72]

K. senegalensis

Antidiarrheal in castor oil-induced diarrhoea in albino rats

Stem bark

Ethanol, Aqueous

Flavonoids, tannins and cardiac glycosides

[73]

K. senegalensis

Anti-ulcer at 200, 400, 800 mg/kg against ethanol-induced gastric ulceration in Wistar rats

Stem bark

Methanol

Alkaloids, carbohydrate, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and triterpenes

[74]

K. senegalensis

Nematocidal at 60 mg on root-knot nematodes in cowpea

Bark

NA

N.r.

[75]

K. senegalensis

Anti-Trypanosoma against T. brucei brucei in infected Wistar rats

Stem bark

Methanol

N.r.

[76]

K. senegalensis

Antidermatophytic (MIC 1.2–2.4 μg/ml) against Trichophyton mentagrophyte, Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton terrestre and Microsporum canis

Stem bark

Methanol, Aqueous, Chloroform

Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and anthraquinone

[77]

K. senegalensis

Antioxidant with IC₅₀ 3.37 ± 0.61–9.900 ± 1.2 mg/ml for DPPH

Leaves

Aqueous, ethanol, methanol and Butanol

Flavonoids and phenols

[78]

K. senegalensis

Antioxidant with IC₅₀ 46, 37 and 64 μl for leaves, root and stem bark, respectively for xanthine assay; IC₅₀ 178, 91 and 122 μl for leaves, root and stem bark, respectively for 2-deoxyguanosine assay

Leaves, root, stem bark

Methanol

Catechin, rutin, quercetin rhamnoside, catechin and procyanidins

[79]

K. grandifoliola

Gastric antisecretory at 50–500 mg/kg in HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions in male Wistar rats

Stem bark

Aqueous

Tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenols, quinones, coumarins, sterols, triterpenoids, and glycosides

[80]

K. grandifoliola

Desmutagenic and antimutagenic activities in ethyl methanesulphonate and ribose lysine induced mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 (His).

Leaves, flower

Ethanol

Quercetin 3-O-rhamnoglucoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin and 6-methoxycoumarin-7-O arabinofuranoside

[81]

K. grandifoliola

In vivo antiviral activity at 100 μg/ml in hepatitis C virus

Bark

Methylene chloride/methanol (50:50 v/v)

Benzene, 1,1′-(oxydiethylidene) bis (1), carbamic acid, (4-methylphenyl)-, 1-phenyl (2) and 6-phenyl, 4-(1′-oxyethylphenyl)

[29]

K. grandifoliola

Insecticidal activity 85% against Rhyzopertha dominica and 80% against Tribolium castaneum

Essential oil from stem bark

n-hexane

α-pinene, limonene, β-carophyllene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene and citronellol

[82]

K. grandifoliola

Molluscicidal activity (100% at 1 g/L) against freshwater snails.

Bark

Ethanol

N.r.

[83]

K. grandifoliola

Immunomodulatory activity at 200 μg/ml on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Polysaccharide fractions of stem bark

Ethanol

Glucose, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose

[84]

K. anthotheca

Antiplasmodial activity (IC₅₀ 0.955 μg/ml) against Plasmodium falciparum and antitrypanosomal activity (IC₅₀ 5.72 μg/ml) against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Seeds

Petroleum ether

N.r.

[39]

K. anthotheca

Antiplatelet activity (EC₅₀ 0.97 ± 0.03 μg/ml) in adrenaline (epinephrine) induced platelet aggregation in equine platelets.

Leaves

Acetone

N.r.

[85]

K. anthotheca

Antioxidant (EC₅₀ 0.10) for TEAC assay and (EC₅₀ 176.40 ± 26.56 μg/ml) for DPPH assay.

Leaves

Acetone

N.r.

[85]

K. ivorensis

Antioxidant (IC₅₀ 2.08–4.48 μg/ml) for DPPH and (IC₅₀ 2.78 μg/ml) for ABTS assay.

Stem bark, root

Ethanolic

Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids.

[86]

K. ivorensis

Termicidal activity (100% mortality at 200 and 400 mg/ml) against subterranean termites.

Stem bark

Ethanolic, aqueous

N.r.

[87]