|
Mehta et al. 2020 [36], records from March 8 to April 12, 2020
|
1735
|
Retrospective
|
No association between positive tests to COVID-19 and use of ACEI/ARB
|
Small sample size, inherent bias from observational studies
|
|
Reynolds et al. 2020 [37], data from March 1 to April 15, 2020
|
5892
|
Retrospective
|
No association between risk of positive tests to COVID-19 and risk of severe illness with use of ARB/ACEI
|
Small sample size, potential confounder bias
|
|
Rentsch et al. 2020 [38], data from February 8 to March 30, 2020
|
585
|
Retrospective
|
Encouraged continued use of ACEI/ARBs. Drugs not associated with need for intensive care
|
Not yet peer-reviewed (as at the time of the study)
|
|
Mancia et al. 2020 [39], records from February 21 to March 11, 2020
|
6272
|
Retrospective
|
ARB/ACEI use not associated with increased risk of contracting COVID-19, severity and mortality from the disease
|
Study design was not randomised
|
|
Abajo et al. 2020 [43], health records from March 1 to March 24, 2020
|
1139
|
Retrospective case–control
|
ARBs/ACEIs use did not increase risk for hospitalization in COVID-19 patients
|
Possible confounders
|
|
Bean et al. 2020 [44], data from March 1 to March 22, 2020
|
205
|
Observational (prospective)
|
ARBs/ACEIs appeared to reduce morbidity and mortality in COVID-19
|
Small sample size, single-centre, short follow-up, not peer-reviewed (as at the time of this study)
|
|
De Spiegeleer et al. 2020 [45], health record from March 1 to April 16, 2020
|
154
|
Retrospective
|
ARB/ACEI use was neither associated with absence of COVID-19 symptoms nor serious clinical outcomes
|
Small sample size
|
|
Li et al. 2020 [46], records from January 15 to March 15, 2020
|
1178
|
Retrospective
|
ACEI/ARB use was not significantly associated with severity and mortality from COVID-19
|
Single-centre study, not randomised
|
|
Liu et al. 2020 [47], records from December 29, 2019 to February 29, 2020
|
511 elderly
|
Retrospective
|
Drugs associated with decreased disease severity
|
Small sample size of understudied groups, not peer-reviewed (as at the time of the study)
|
|
Meng et al. 2020 [48], records from January 11 to February 23, 2020
|
42
|
Retrospective
|
Lower levels of IL-6 and reduction in viral load, with the use of ACEIs/ARBs
|
Very small sample size
|
|
Rossi et al. 2020 [49], health records from February 22 to April 2, 2020
|
2653
|
Retrospective
|
Study drugs not associated with risk of mortality
|
Potential for confounders
|
|
Yang et al. 2020 [50], data from January 5 to February 22, 2020
|
2068
|
Retrospective
|
Lower case of critical illness and mortality in ARB/ACEI users
|
Single-centre, potential confounders
|
|
Feng et al. 2020 [51], data from January 1 to February, 15, 2020
|
476
|
Retrospective
|
Use of ACEIs/ARBs appeared to lower risks of severe COVID-19 illness
|
Potential confounders, small sample size
|
|
Zhang et al. 2020 [52], data from December 31 2019 to February 20, 2020
|
1128
|
Retrospective
|
ACEI/ARB use associated with lower mortality
|
Potential confounders
|
|
Peng et al. 2020 [53], health records January 20 to February 15, 2020
|
112
|
Retrospective
|
ACEIs/ARBs not associated with critical illness and mortality in COVID-19
|
Small sample size
|
|
Huang et al. 2020 [54], data from February 7 to March 3, 2020
|
50
|
Retrospective
|
No significant difference in disease course in the use of ACEIs/ARBs and other classes of antihypertensive
|
Small sample size
|
|
Zhang et al. 2020 [55], clinical data up to May 9, 2020
|
14 studies
|
Meta-analysis
|
ARBs/ACEIs not associated with higher risk of COVID-19 infection, severity and mortality
|
Potential confounders, small number of eligible studies
|
|
Guo et al. 2020 [56], clinical data up to May 13, 2020
|
9 studies
|
Meta-analysis
|
ARB/ACEI use not associated with increase severity of COVID-19
|
Potential confounders
|
