Table 1 Application of γ-PGA and derivatives in drug delivery
Drug | Formulation | Details | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Doxorubicin | Ionic complexation with γ-PGA | pH-triggered controlled release | [12] |
Quinine | Quinine-loaded hydrophobically modified γ-PGA with l-phenylalanine ethyl ester NP | Improved stability and enhanced bioavailability | [18] |
Gambogic acid | π-π stacking interaction with benzylamidated γ-PGA | Improved drug loading | [22] |
Curcumin | Curcumin encapsulated modified chitosan/γ-PGA NP | Improved drug release | [64] |
Paclitaxel | Complexation with γ-PGA | Water solubility of paclitaxel; reduced systemic effect; longer exposure time to tumor cells | [65] |
Cisplatin | Conjugation with γ-PGA | Increased antitumor activity and reduced toxicity | [66] |
Doxorubicin | Doxorubicin-loaded NPs of graphene oxide/chitosan oligosaccharide/ γ-PGA | Higher antitumor activity, controlled and sustained release | [67] |
Amphotericin B | Amphotericin B-loaded γ-PGA NP | Reduced toxicity to erythrocyte | [68] |
Insulin | Enteric-coated Chitosan/γ-PGA NP | Orally bioavailable insulin | [69] |