Skin hyperpigmentation and its treatment with herbs: an alternative method

Rathee, Prity; Kumar, Sunil; Kumar, Dinesh; Kumari, Beena; Yadav, Savita S.

doi:10.1186/s43094-021-00284-6

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 1 Herbs used for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation

From: Skin hyperpigmentation and its treatment with herbs: an alternative method

S.No	Herbs	Part used	Mechanism of action	Phytoconstituents	Reference
1	Glycyrrhiza glabra [Fabaceae]	Root	UVB protection Moisturing agent	Glycyrrhizic acid, Glycyrrhizin, Glabridin	[14, 15]
2	Vitex negundo [Verbenaceae]	Root	Tyrosinase inhibitory	Negundin A, [+]-lyoniresinol-3a-O-b-d-glucoside	[16]
3	Aloe-barbadensis [Asphodelaceae]	Leaf	Mosituring agent Tyrosinase inhibitory	Aloesin, 2"-Feruloylaloesin	[17, 18]
4	Morus alba [Moraceae]	Fruit	Tyr. 7 inhibitor ROS scavenger	Apigenin, umbelliferone, astragalin, Moranoline, 1-deoxynojirinmycin, resveratrol	[15, 19]
5	Panax ginseng [Araliaceae]	Root	Antioxidant, and skin whitening Agent	Ginsenoside, p-Coumaric acid	[20, 21]
6	Gingko [Ginkgoaceae]	Flower	Tyrosinasse inhibitor	Ginkgolide A, bilobalide	[13, 22]
7	Azadirachta indica [Meliaceae]	Leaf, Bark	Antioxidant Antibactrical	Oleic Acid, Azadirachtin, isomeldenin, nimbin, nimbinene, 6-desacetyl lnimbinene, nimbandiol	[17]
8	Santalum album [Santalaece]	Wood	Antioxidant, zskin whitening property	Alpha- and beta-santalol	[23, 24]
9	Muntingia calabura [Muntigaceae]	Flower, Leaf, Fruit	Antityrosinase and antioxidant activity	Stigmasterol, triglyceride, α-linolenic acid	[25, 26]
10	Blumea balsamifera [Asteraceae]	Leaves	Antityrosinase, lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities, liver-protective	3-O-7W-Biluteolin,	[25, 27]
11	Magnolia officinalis [Magnoliaceae]	Bark	Melanogenesis inhibition	Magnoloside I_a, crassifolioside, magnoloside V_a	[28, 29]
12	Pueraria thunbergiana [Leguminosae]	Root	Melanogenesisinhibition	Schaftoside, puerarin, genistin	[30, 31]
13	Emblica officinalis [Phyllanthaceae]	Fruit	Antioxidant, skin whitening property	Quercetin, Kaempferol, Gallic acid, Methyl gallate, Ellagic acid, Trigallayl glucose, Phyllantine, Phyllembein	[32, 33]
14	Curcuma longa [Zingiberaceae]	Root	Antioxidant, skin whitening property	Curcuminoids	[23]
15	Camellia sinensis [Theaceae]	Leaves	Antioxidant	Epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, gallocatechin	[23, 34]
16	Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn [Nelumbonaceae]	Flower	Antioxidant, tyrosinaseinhibotry activity	Pronuciferine, Armepavin, Kaempferol-3-o-glucoside, Luteolinglucoside	[35, 36]
17	Crocus sativus L.[Iridaceae]	Dried stigmas	tyrosinaseinhibotry activity	Crocin, picrocrocin, β- carotene, safranal.	[37, 38]
18	Hemidesmus indicus [Asclepiadaceae]	Root	Antioxidant, tyrosinaseinhibotry activity	Hemidesminine, Lupeal, vanillin	[39, 40]
19	Vitis vinifera [Vitaceae]	Seed and leaf	Tyrosinaseinhibotry activity	Gallic, protocatechuic, vanillic, syringic and ellagic acids	[17, 41]
20	Euphorbia supina [Euphorbiaceae]	Leave, flowers and tubers	Antioxidant, skin lighting agent	Protocatechuic acid, nodakenin, 3-O-glucoside	[42]
21	Brillantaisia cicatricose Lindau [Acanthaceae]	Leaves	Hyperpigmentation, leprosy, vermifuge, emetic, eczema, snakebite, lactogenic	Alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins	[43, 44]
22	Chenopodium uganda [Chenopodiaceae]	Stem, leaves and flower	Tyrosinase inhibitory	Phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids	[44]
23	Sesamum angolense Welw. [Pedaliaceae]	Leaves	hyperpigmentation, dysentery	Terpenoids and steroids	[43]
24	Proteamadiensis Oliv.[Proteaceae]	Root, bark	Skin disease, hyperpigmentation	Terpenoids and steroids	[43]
25	Carica papaya L. [Caricaceae]	Leaves	Moisturing agent, antioxidant,	Papain, chymopapain A and B	[45]
26	Acacia catechu [Mimosaceae]	Bark	Antioxidant activity, Skin whitening property	Catechin, catechutannic acid.	[46]
27	Arnica Montana [Asteraceae]	Flower	Inhibitor in B16 melanoma cells	Triterpene, essential oils, fatty acids, thymol, pseudoguaianolidesesquiterpene lactones	[47]
28	Artemisia dracunculus [Asteraceae]	Leaves	inhibit melanocyte-stimulating hormone	Isobutyl and piperidiyl	[48]
29	Glycine max [Fabaceae]	Seed	Antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory activity	Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor and Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor	[49]
30	Thymelaea hirsuta [Thymelaeaceae]	Leaves, Stem and flower	Antioxidant property, antimelanogenesis effect	Genkwadaphnin, gnidicin	[50]
31	Betula pendula [Betulaceae]	Bark, leaves	tyrosinase inhibitory activity	Phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, sterols and terpene derivatives	[51]
32	Caesalpinia sappan [Fabaceae]	Wood	Inhibit melanogenesis and cellular tyrosinase activity	Homoisoflavanone, sappanone A	[52]
33	Callicarpa longissima [Lamiaceae]	Leaves	Inhibits melanin production		[53]
34	Carthamus tinctorius L. [Asteraceae]	Seeds	Melanogenesis inhibitory activity	Essential oils contains palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, margaroleic acid	[54, 55]
35	Coccoloba uvifera [Polygonaceae]		Antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities, inhibited the production of IL-1a, TNF-a and a-MSH in melanocytes	Titratable acid Ascorbic acid	[56, 57]
36	Colocasia antiquorum [Araceae]	Root and bark	Inhibits the melanogenesis	Colocasinol A	[58]
37	Crataegus azarolus L. [Rosaceae]	Leaves	Effect on B16F10 melanoma cells	vitexin-200-O-rhamnoside	[59]
38	Juniperus chinensis L. [Cupressaceae]	Fruit	Inhibition of tyrosinase and melanogenesis	Amentoflavone-7-O-d-glucoside	[60]
39	Glechoma hederacea L. [Lamiaceae]	Stem	Reduced the cellular melanin content and tyrosinase activity	Germacrene D Ursolicacid, oleanic acid	[61, 62]
40	Garcinia livingstonei T [Clusiaceae]	Bark	Inhibit melanin production	Amentoflavone 3βhydroxyeupha-5 ,22-diene O-methylfukugetin Morelloflavone Volkensiflavone	[63, 64]
41	Viola odorata [Violaceae]	Leaves	Anti-melanogenic activity	Vitamin C, methyl salicyte	[65, 66]
42	Passiflora edulis [Passifloraceae]	Seed	Inhibits melanogenesis	Piceatannol	[67]
43	Stewartia pseudocamellia [Theaceae]	Bark and fruit	anti-melanogenic activity	deoxystewartianol-40 -O-arabinoglucoside stewartianol-3-O-glucoside	[68]
44	Cyperus rotundus [Cyperaceae]	Rhizomes	TRPV1 Channel Inhibition and ORAI1Channel Inhibition.	Valencene camphene	[69]
45	Cudrania tricuspidata [Moraceae]	Fruit	Inhibition of L-DOPA Auto-Oxidation	Flaniostatin	[70, 71]

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