Fig. 7
From: Targeting mitochondrial biogenesis: a potential approach for preventing and controlling diabetes
Different mitochondrial biogenesis promoting genes and their promoting pathways. AMP: Adenosine monophosphate; Ca2+: Calcium (2+); cAMP: Cyclic adenosine onophosphate; NO: Nitric Oxide; CO: Carbon Monoxide; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinases; SIRT1: sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; GSK-3β: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; camK: Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase; PKA: protein Kinase; cGMP: Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate; ROS:Reactive Oxygen Species; ERR: Estrogen-related receptor; NRF 1: Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1; FOXO3:Forkhead box O3; UCP: Uncoupling Protein; CAC: Coronary Artery Calcification; OXPHOS: Oxidative Phosphorylation; mtDNA: Mitochondrial DNA; ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate