Variable | Odds ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 1.02 | 0.97–1.06 | 0.382 |
Female gender | 0.58 | 0.19–1.74 | 0.334 |
Race | |||
Malay | Reference | – | |
Chinese | 1.92 | 0.00– | 0.581 |
Indian | 1.82 | 0.00– | 0.999 |
Others | 1.46 | 0.00– | 0.999 |
Intensive care unit admission | 11.57 | 3.43–38.96 | < 0.001 |
Active empiric antibiotics | 1.11 | 0.39–3.18 | 0.838 |
Immunocompromised | 1.55 | 0.44–5.45 | 0.490 |
Sepsis/septic shock | 17.87 | 2.24–142.27 | 0.006 |
Type of infection | 1.97 | 0.65–5.99 | 0.229 |
Pathogen | |||
K. pneumoniae | Reference | – | |
E. coli | 1.36 | 0.44–4.22 | 0.586 |
Others | 1.48 | 0.15–14.63 | 0.734 |
Diabetes mellitus | 3.40 | 1.01–11.46 | 0.048 |
Hypertension | 1.68 | 0.53–5.31 | 0.372 |
Chronic kidney disease | 2.17 | 0.71–6.57 | 0.170 |
Malignancy | 1.64 | 0.46–5.80 | 0.437 |
Empiric piperacillin–tazobactam therapy | 5.62 | 1.79–17.67 | 0.003 |
Empiric beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor | 2.35 | 0.77–7.15 | 0.132 |
Empiric meropenem | 0.54 | 0.06–4.56 | 0.576 |
Empiric carbapenem | 0.45 | 0.05–3.72 | 0.459 |
Days to active antibiotic therapy | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.308 |
Hemodynamic support | 28.00 | 2.17–361.21 | 0.011 |
Fever | 1.59 | 0.46–5.46 | 0.457 |
Leucocytosis | 6.65 | 0.83–53.08 | 0.074 |
Tachycardia | 0.91 | 0.29–2.82 | 0.882 |
Tachypnea | 4.09 | 0.67–24.97 | 0.127 |
Elevated serum creatinine | 7.86 | 1.68–36.75 | 0.009 |
Elevated serum urea | 2.04 | 0.64–6.42 | 0.222 |
Anemia | 2.44 | 0.51–11.60 | 0.259 |
Thrombocytopenia | 4.20 | 1.28–13.78 | 0.018 |
Hypoalbuminemia | 4.44 | 1.17–16.76 | 0.028 |
Hyperbilirubinemia | 5.09 | 1.51–17.05 | 0.008 |
Polymicrobial infections | 0.65 | 0.13–3.17 | 0.603 |
Lowest systolic blood pressure | 0.98 | 0.95–1.01 | 0.432 |
Lowest diastolic blood pressure | 0.99 | 0.95–1.04 | 0.840 |
Bacteremia | 1.64 | 0.55–4.89 | 0.375 |
Pneumonia | 11.15 | 2.20–56.47 | 0.004 |
Urinary tract infection | 0.11 | 0.01–0.88 | 0.038 |
Skin and soft tissue infections | 0.82 | 0.16–4.01 | 0.807 |
Transaminitis | 4.69 | 1.51–14.60 | 0.008 |