|
Age
|
1.02
|
0.97–1.06
|
0.382
|
|
Female gender
|
0.58
|
0.19–1.74
|
0.334
|
|
Race
|
|
Malay
|
Reference
|
–
| |
|
Chinese
|
1.92
|
0.00–
|
0.581
|
|
Indian
|
1.82
|
0.00–
|
0.999
|
|
Others
|
1.46
|
0.00–
|
0.999
|
|
Intensive care unit admission
|
11.57
|
3.43–38.96
|
< 0.001
|
|
Active empiric antibiotics
|
1.11
|
0.39–3.18
|
0.838
|
|
Immunocompromised
|
1.55
|
0.44–5.45
|
0.490
|
|
Sepsis/septic shock
|
17.87
|
2.24–142.27
|
0.006
|
|
Type of infection
|
1.97
|
0.65–5.99
|
0.229
|
|
Pathogen
|
|
K. pneumoniae
|
Reference
|
–
| |
|
E. coli
|
1.36
|
0.44–4.22
|
0.586
|
|
Others
|
1.48
|
0.15–14.63
|
0.734
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
3.40
|
1.01–11.46
|
0.048
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.68
|
0.53–5.31
|
0.372
|
|
Chronic kidney disease
|
2.17
|
0.71–6.57
|
0.170
|
|
Malignancy
|
1.64
|
0.46–5.80
|
0.437
|
|
Empiric piperacillin–tazobactam therapy
|
5.62
|
1.79–17.67
|
0.003
|
|
Empiric beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor
|
2.35
|
0.77–7.15
|
0.132
|
|
Empiric meropenem
|
0.54
|
0.06–4.56
|
0.576
|
|
Empiric carbapenem
|
0.45
|
0.05–3.72
|
0.459
|
|
Days to active antibiotic therapy
|
1.00
|
0.99–1.00
|
0.308
|
|
Hemodynamic support
|
28.00
|
2.17–361.21
|
0.011
|
|
Fever
|
1.59
|
0.46–5.46
|
0.457
|
|
Leucocytosis
|
6.65
|
0.83–53.08
|
0.074
|
|
Tachycardia
|
0.91
|
0.29–2.82
|
0.882
|
|
Tachypnea
|
4.09
|
0.67–24.97
|
0.127
|
|
Elevated serum creatinine
|
7.86
|
1.68–36.75
|
0.009
|
|
Elevated serum urea
|
2.04
|
0.64–6.42
|
0.222
|
|
Anemia
|
2.44
|
0.51–11.60
|
0.259
|
|
Thrombocytopenia
|
4.20
|
1.28–13.78
|
0.018
|
|
Hypoalbuminemia
|
4.44
|
1.17–16.76
|
0.028
|
|
Hyperbilirubinemia
|
5.09
|
1.51–17.05
|
0.008
|
|
Polymicrobial infections
|
0.65
|
0.13–3.17
|
0.603
|
|
Lowest systolic blood pressure
|
0.98
|
0.95–1.01
|
0.432
|
|
Lowest diastolic blood pressure
|
0.99
|
0.95–1.04
|
0.840
|
|
Bacteremia
|
1.64
|
0.55–4.89
|
0.375
|
|
Pneumonia
|
11.15
|
2.20–56.47
|
0.004
|
|
Urinary tract infection
|
0.11
|
0.01–0.88
|
0.038
|
|
Skin and soft tissue infections
|
0.82
|
0.16–4.01
|
0.807
|
|
Transaminitis
|
4.69
|
1.51–14.60
|
0.008
|
