Using a pilot-centric, qualitative drug risk assessment model to identify opportunities for implementing pharmacogenetics

Kinard, Jeffrey L.; Collie, Jacob; Turner, Clesson; Chapleau, Richard R.

doi:10.1186/s43094-022-00427-3

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 1 Medications, risk scores and primary clinical condition. Medications contained in the Prudhomme study which are prescribed for one of the three conditions are included in the PA list

From: Using a pilot-centric, qualitative drug risk assessment model to identify opportunities for implementing pharmacogenetics

Medication	Risk Score	Medication	Risk Score	Medication	Risk Score
Asthma
Albuterol	573,582	Formoterol	473,566.1	Prednisone	0
Beclomethasone	22,340.1	Levalbuterol	403,040	Reslizumab	112,500
Benralizumab	4100	Mepolizumab	168,900	Salmeterol	211,111
Budesonide	543,111	Metaproterenol	534,473	Theophylline	2,890,604
Ciclesonide	214,540	Methacholine	100.2	Tiotropium	739,461
Cromolyn	31	Mometasone	135,510	Triamcinolone	195,420
Dupilumab	5300	Montelukast	243,718	Umeclidinium	513,220
Dyphylline/ guaifenesin	0	Nedocromil	91,500	Zafirlukast	63,112
Flunisolide	709,287	Omalizumab	165,471	Zileuton	464,548
Fluticasone	53,400
Diabetes
Acarbose	322,890	Empagliflozin	4600	Pioglitazone	744,213
Albiglutide	458,142	Ertugliflozin	410,223	Pramlintide	580,200
Alogliptin	144,160	Glipizide	632,630	Repaglinide	558,800.1
Bromocriptine	658,953	Glyburide	121,261	Rosiglitazone	341,048
Canagliflozin	632,886.1	Liraglutide	1,048,504	Saxagliptin	607,510
Chlorpropamide	101,101	Metformin	1,093,373.2	Semaglutide	507,340
Dapagliflozin	116,310.1	Miglitol	288,785	Sitagliptin	113,000
Dulaglutide	455,611	Nateglinide	417,000	Tolbutamide	1020
Hypertension
Amiloride	91,010	Diltiazem	336,361	Olmesartan	638,531
Atenolol	1,016,222	Enalapril	312,240	Perindopril	565,340.2
Benazepril	100,010	Furosemide	48,550	Ramipril	595,480.1
Bevacizumab	3,132,500	Hydralazine	224,233.1	Sorafenib	1,359,560
Bisoprolol	1,057,507	Hydrochlorothiazide	58,440	Spironolactone	215,486.2
Candesartan	204,626.1	Irbesartan	667,432	Tacrolimus	3,700,360
Captopril	544,254.2	Lisinopril	622,310	Trandolapril	712,547
Carvedilol	1,231,020.2	Losartan	643,100	Valsartan	230,701.1
Chlorothiazide	50,500	Metoprolol	1,095,114.2	Verapamil	435,440
Chlorthalidone	208,312.1	Nebivolol	781,311
Clonidine	2,038,925	Nifedipine	737,460
Control (Prudhomme)
Allopurinol	103,720	Esomeprazole	181,730	Lisinopril	622,310
Amlodipine	263,990.2	Fexofenadine	40,630	Losartan	643,100
Atorvastatin	74,950	Finasteride	231,310	Meloxicam	225,270
Augmentin	143,620	Fluticasone	53,400	Ranitidine	40,320
Azilsartan	222,510	Hydrochloro-thiazide	58,440	Simvastatin	326,810
Ciprofloxacin	252,000	Ibuprofen	612,570	Valacyclovir	260,380
Doxycycline	155,950	Linagliptin	203,110

Overall drug risk scores were calculated by summing the risk scores for each adverse effect, which were a multiplication of the effect frequency along with a severity multiplier coefficient determined by 3 board-certified flight surgeons. Details of the procedure are presented in the methods.

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