Table 2 Terpenes utilized as permeation enhancer in transdermal systems

Ascaridole (C10H16O2)

Monoterpene peroxide

Source is Chenopodium ambrosioides

[1]

It is bicyclic in nature and contains peroxides

Terpinolene (C10H16)

Monoterpene

Utilized in industries of textile and for providing fragrance

[24]

Carvone (C10H14O)

Ketone

Majorly present in seeds of caraway

[25]

Utilized in aroma therapy

Geraniol (C10H18O) [

Monoterpene alcohol

Found in citronella, lemon and geranium

[26]

Utilized to provide aroma

Farnesol (C15H26O)

Sesquiterpene alcohol

Found in oils of tolu, balsam, musk, rose, lemon grass, neroli

[27]

Utilized in perfume industry

Nerolidol (C15H26O)

Sesquiterpene alcohol

Present in flowers and plants like tea tree, lavender, jasmine, ginger, etc., in the form of oil

[28]

Utilized in perfume industry and as flavouring agent

Cineole (C10H18O)

Ether

Source is Eucalyptus globulus

[29]

It is cyclic in nature and also known as cajeputol

Linalool (C10H18O)

Monoterpene alcohol

Source is Coriandrum sativum (fruits)

[10]

Occurs naturally, present in seeds of coriander and has pleasant aroma

Limonene (C10H16)

Monoterpene

Source is Citrus lemon (peel) and has lipophilic and chiral properties

[30]

Menthol (C10H20O)

Monoterpene alcohol

Source is Mentha piperita (flowering tops)

[31]

Used as decongestant and antipruritic