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Table 3 Association between participants’ duration into internship program and perception of pharmacovigilance (n = 450)

From: Assessment of pharmacovigilance activities among pharmacist interns in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Perception question

 

Positive

n (%)

Neutral

n (%)

Negative

n (%)

X2

(p value)

C

(p value)

I think ADR reporting is very important

 < 4 months

26 (6.1)

0

8 (21.6)

24.66 (< 0.001)**

0.221 (< 0.001)**

4–6 months

114 (26.6)

3 (25.0)

16 (43.2)

7–9 months

247 (57.6)

6 (50.0)

12 (32.4)

 > 9 months

42 (9.8)

3 (25.0)

1 (2.7)

With my present knowledge, I am prepared to report any ADR I would face

 < 4 months

21 (5.9)

1 (11.0)

4 (9.5)

15.284 (0.018)**

0.176 (0.018)**

4–6 months

97 (27.4)

16 (19.5)

20 (47.6)

7–9 months

119 (56.2)

49 (59.8)

17 (40.5)

 > 9 months

37 (10.5)

9 (9.8)

1 (2.4)

ADR reporting is mandatory for all pharmacists

 < 4 months

29 (7.4)

2 (4.9)

3 (7.0)

17.76 (0.007)**

0.087 (0.729)

4–6 months

104 (26.4)

7 (17.1)

22 (51.2)

7–9 months

223 (56.6)

25 (61.0)

17 (39.5)

 > 9 months

38 (9.6)

7 (17.1)

1 (2.3)

Pharmacist must advise their patients to immediately report any ADR

 < 4 months

31 (6.9)

0

3 (13.6)

6.98 (0.323)

0.189 (0.007)**

4–6 months

112 (27.0)

2 (50.0)

9 (40.9)

7–9 months

255 (56.4)

1 (25.0)

9 (40.9)

 > 9 months

44 (9.7)

1 (25.0)

1 (4.5)

Pharmacist are the most important healthcare professionals to report ADR

 < 4 months

28 (70.0)

3 (6.5)

3 (8.8)

8.87 (0.181)

0.120 (0.323)

4–6 months

110 (27.6)

10 (21.7)

13 (38.2)

7–9 months

224 (56.3)

24 (52.2)

17 (50.0)

 > 9 months

36 (9.00

17 (50.0)

1 (2.9)

I believe that information on ADR reporting is better learned after internship

 < 4 months

7 (9.3)

7 (6.6)

20 (6.7)

8.09 (0.281)

0.135 (0.181)

4–6 months

23 (30.7)

37 (34.9)

73 (24.6)

7–9 months

37 (49.3)

57 (53.8)

171 (57.6)

 > 9 months

8 (10.7)

5 (4.7)

33 (11.1)

Consulting colleagues and other healthcare professionals is important in ADR reporting

 < 4 months

25 (5.9)

6 (18.2)

3 (14.3)

19.36 (0.004)**

0.129 (0.231)

4–6 months

111 (26.2)

11 (33.3)

11 (52.4)

7–9 months

245 (57.8)

13 (39.4)

7 (33.3)

 > 9 months

43 (10.1)

3 (9.1)

0

  1. ADR Adverse drug reaction, Chi-square test of association, C contingency coefficient
  2. **Significant difference exist between groups (p < 0.01)