Table 10 Antimicrobial activity of methanol leaf extracts of C. afer and P. hirsuta Determined By Agar Well Diffusion Method
Samples Concentrations | Zone of Inhibition (mm) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Staphylococcus aureus | Escherichia coli | Bacillus subtilis | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Salmonella typhi | Klebsiella pneumonae | Candida albicans | Aspergillus niger | Penicillium notatum | Rhizopus stolonifer | ||
Costus afer | 100 mg/mL | 30 ± 0.7 | 28 ± 0.7 | 30 ± 0.7 | 30 ± 0.7 | 30 ± 1.4 | 28 ± 0.7 | 20 ± 0.7 | 20 ± 0.3 | 18 ± 0.7 | 20 ± 0.7 |
50 mg/mL | 24 ± 0.51 | 24 ± 0.7 | 26 ± 0.7 | 26 ± 0.7 | 26 ± 1.4 | 24 ± 0.7 | 18 ± 0.4 | 18 ± 0.1 | 16 ± 0.1 | 18 | |
25 mg/mL | 21 ± 0.7 | 21 ± 0.7 | 22 ± 0.7 | 24 ± 1.4 | 22 ± 1.4 | 21 ± 1.1 | 16 ± 0.1 | 16 ± 0.3 | 14 ± 0.8 | 16 ± 0.6 | |
12.5 mg/mL | 18 ± 0.7 | 17 ± 0.4 | 18 ± 0.3 | 20 ± 0.7 | 18 ± 1.4 | 18 ± 1.4 | 14 ± 0.7 | 14 ± 0.7 | 14 ± 0.7 | 14 ± 0.1 | |
6.25 mg/mL | 14 ± 0.05 | 13 ± 0.4 | 14 ± 0.5 | 14 ± 0.8 | 14 ± 1.4 | 14 ± 1.4 | 12 ± 0.7 | 12 ± 0.7 | 12 ± 0.7 | 10 ± 0.05 | |
Palisota hirsuta | 100 mg/mL | 24 ± 0.7 | 22 ± 0.7 | 22 ± 0.8 | 24 ± 0.7 | 24 ± 0.7 | 22 ± 1.4 | 18 ± 0.6 | 16 ± 0.7 | 18 ± 0.4 | 16 ± 0.7 |
50 mg/mL | 21 ± 1.1 | 18 ± 0.7 | 18 ± 0.3 | 21 ± 1.1 | 20 ± 0.7 | 18 ± 2.1 | 16 ± 0.7 | 14 ± 1.4 | 14 ± 0.7 | 14 ± 0.7 | |
25 mg/mL | 18 ± 1.4 | 14 ± 0.7 | 16 ± 0.7 | 18 ± 0.7 | 18 ± 0.4 | 16 ± 1.4 | 14 ± 0.7 | 12 ± 1.4 | 12 ± 0.7 | 10 ± 0.7 | |
12.5 mg/mL | 14 ± 0.7 | 12 ± 0.7 | 12 ± 0.7 | 14 ± 0.1 | 16 ± 0.7 | 12 ± 2.1 | 12 ± 0.06 | 10 ± 0.7 | 10 ± 0.7 | – | |
6.25 mg/mL | 10 ± 0.3 | 10 ± 0.2 | 10 ± 0.7 | 10 ± 0.7 | 12 ± 0.7 | 10 ± 1.4 | – | – | – | – | |
Negative Control | Dimethyl sulfoxide | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Positive Control | Gentamicin (10 µg/mL) /Tioconazole (70%w/v) | 40 | 38 | 40 | 38 | 40 | 38 | 28 | 28 | 26 | 28 |