Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Baseline characteristics | Group | Total | Test | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control group | Lidocaine spray | Cold packs | Flashlight | ||||||
Age (years) |  | Mean ± SD | 46.1 (15.9) | 47.9 (15) | 43.7 (15.6) | 45.8 (15.6) |  | 0.33a | 0.804 |
Weight (kg) | Mean ± SD | 77.3 (7.5) | 79.6 (9.1) | 76.7 (8.8) | 77 (10.7) | 0.581a | 0.629 | ||
Height (cm) | Mean ± SD | 158.4 (6.2) | 165.8 (5.6) | 165.2 (5.3) | 166.7 (5.5) | 11.941a |  < 0.001* | ||
BMI (kg/cm2) | mean ± SD | 30.88 (3.36) | 29.03 (3.79) | 28.11 (3.16) | 27.77 (4.23) | 3.931a | 0.011* | ||
Gender | Male | N (%) | 14 (51.9%) | 13 (48.1%) | 17 (63%) | 11 (40.7%) | 55 (50.9%) | 2.779 ß | 0.427 |
Female | N (%) | 13 (48.1%) | 14 (51.9%) | 10 (37%) | 16 (59.3%) | 53 (49.1%) | |||
Education | Bachelor | N (%) | 6 (22.2%) | 1 (3.7%) | 4 (14.8%) | 5 (18.5%) | 16 (14.8%) | 23.19# | 0.004* |
Diploma | N (%) | 2 (7.4%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (33.3%) | 6 (22.2%) | 17 (15.7%) | |||
Ungraduated | N (%) | 7 (25.9%) | 4 (14.8%) | 5 (18.5%) | 5 (18.5%) | 21 (19.4%) | |||
Uneducated | N (%) | 12 (44.4%) | 22 (81.5%) | 9 (33.3%) | 11 (40.7%) | 54 (50%) | |||
Etiology | DM | N (%) | 2 (7.4%) | 5 (18.5%) | 1 (3.7%) | 3 (11.1%) | 11 (10.2%) | 18.381# | 0.076 |
HTN | N (%) | 12 (44.4%) | 11 (40.7%) | 11 (40.7%) | 4 (14.8%) | 38 (35.2%) | |||
Others | N (%) | 4 (14.8%) | 2 (7.4%) | 6 (22.2%) | 9 (33.3%) | 21 (19.4%) | |||
Reflux | N (%) | 4 (14.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.7%) | 2 (7.4%) | 7 (6.5%) | |||
Unknown | N (%) | 5 (18.5%) | 9 (33.3%) | 8 (29.6%) | 9 (33.3%) | 31 (28.7%) | |||
Comorbidities | No | N (%) | 10 (37%) | 12 (44.4%) | 21 (77.8%) | 8 (29.6%) | 51 (47.2%) | 14.675 ß | 0.002* |
Yes | N (%) | 17 (63%) | 15 (55.6%) | 6 (22.2%) | 19 (70.4%) | 57 (52.8%) | |||
Dialysis duration (years) | Median (Min–Max) | 6 (2–25) | 6 (1–15) | 8 (1–23) | 5 (2–23) |  | 2.538 α | 0.468 | |