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Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 2 Factors affect pain perception scores

From: The effect of cold packs, lidocaine spray, and flashlights on cannulation pain in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial

 

N

Mean ± SD

Median (Min–Max)

Test

P value

Mean. VAS

Gender

Male

55

4.4 ± 0.7

4.7 (3–6)

1325

0.411

Female

53

4.3 ± 0.7

4.3 (3–6)

DM

Yes

11

4.5 ± 0.5

4.3 (4–5.3)

458.5

0.441

NO

97

4.4 ± 0.8

4.3 (3–6)

  1. Mann–Whitney test, N, number, VAS, visual analog scale, DM, diabetes mellitus
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