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Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Fig. 6 | Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Fig. 6

From: Process development and quality attributes for the freeze-drying process in pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals and nanomedicine delivery: a state-of-the-art review

Fig. 6

Evaluation of potential lyoprotectants for CS/DNA polyplexes using freeze–thaw (FT). Prior to (fresh) and after a freeze–thaw cycle, Z-average diameter and PDI, or intensity mean diameter, of polyplexes formulated with up to 3% w/v mannitol (a), sucrose (b), dextran 5 kDa (c) or trehalose (d) (1FT). Histidine concentration optimization for lyophilization of CS/DNA polyplexes (e). SEM images of CS/DNA polyplexes formulated without or with excipients (f) [Reproduced from Veilleux et al. [57] with kind permission of the copyright holder, Elsevier, Amsterdam]

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