Table 2 Comparison of MNs used as devices and MNs not used as devices [186]
MNs as devices | MNs not termed as devices |
|---|---|
Intended for use in therapy (e.g. for diagnosis and treatment) | Not intended for use in therapy |
Penetrate through the outer skin layer (epidermis), have ability to show substantial effect on the body | Do not penetrate through the epidermis, thus, do not show substantial effect on the body |
Examples of conditions: 1) Vaccine or therapeutic agents for local or systemic effect 2) Treatment of skin conditions such as acne, dermatosis, and stretch marks 3) Promotes angiogenesis and wound healing | Examples of conditions: 1) Improving the appearance and texture of the skin 2) Disruption or removal of the stratum corneum |