Table 2 Impact of delivery of nanoparticle-based on the size factor [27,28,29]
Ideal particle size | Treatment | Impact | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|
100–150 nm | Systemic drug delivery | Targeted deposition, bioadhesion, reduced dosage frequency, and sustained release | Size of 20–100 nm might leave the bloodstream via leaky capillaries and renal filtration that cannot be absorbed |
1–5 µm MMAD (Mass median aerodynamic diameter) | Pulmonary drug delivery | Biocompatible, targeted delivery, produced in diverse size ranges | Size distribution is of primary concern- it influences the effectiveness of the drug |
150–200 nm | Drug delivery to tumors | Therapeutic nanoliposomes have been used- reported to produce good efficiency in targeting tumors | Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) uptake and Enhanced Permeation and Retention (EPR) effect |
100–300 nm | Transdermal drug delivery | Lipid-based encapsulate on the system are preferable as they enhance the mode of action (edge activators) | Yet to find full potential and find an alternative to oral medicines and hypodermic injections |
93–96 nm | Drug delivery to the brain | Dual targeting strategy with higher therapeutic efficiency and potential drug delivery | Constraints due to blood–brain barrier (BBB) |