Table 4 Comparison of features regarding the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles and drugs [98, 99]
Pharmacokinetics of drug delivery system | Pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Advantages | Drawbacks | Advantages | Drawbacks |
High drug load | Optimization of protein delivery system | Narrow size distribution | Optimization of parenteral routes |
Controlled release | RES overload | Many nanoparticles are stable in biological fluids | Immunological barriers |
Regulation of pharmacokinetics | Host defense reaction | Bioavailability can be increased through cross-linking agents | Assessment of toxicity and other biosafety methods |
Delivery of nucleic acids | Biological barriers | Specific drug targeting and delivery | Optimization of sustained release of drug-loaded nanoparticles |