Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities, in silico analyses, and anti-Alzheimer’s disease potential of leaf extracts of three Nigerian endemic medicinal plants (Spondias mombin, Carica papaya and Kalanchoe crenata)

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 4 IC₅₀ of methanol-leaf extracts of Spondias mombin, Carica papaya and Kalanchoe crenata in antioxidant tests

Antioxidant test	Spondias mombin IC₅₀ (µg/mL)	Carica papaya IC₅₀ (µg/mL)	Kalanchoe crenata IC₅₀ (µg/mL)	Standard	IC₅₀ (µg/mL)
DPPH^· scavenging activity	43.29 ± 0.443^b	59.27 ± 0.644^c	80.20 ± 0.414^d	Quercetin	38.43 ± 0.440^a
Superoxide radical scavenging activity	50.83 ± 0.23^b	77.84 ± 0.926^c	84.19 ± 0.119^d	Quercetin	48.73 ± 0.468^a
Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity	41.99 ± 0.217^b	50.44 ± 0.281^c	60.12 ± 0.512^d	Ascorbic Acid	35.73 ± 0.490^a
Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity	10.73 ± 0.681^b	38.22 ± 0.960^c	67.74 ± 0.684^d	Mannitol	8.39 ± 0.609^a
ABTS^·+ scavenging activity	25.43 ± 0.325^b	39.84 ± 0.163^c	59.02 ± 0.376^d	Trolox	20.46 ± 0.221^a
Iron chelating	30.49 ± 0.212^b	46.90 ± 0.291^c	53.14 ± 0.401^d	EDTA	13.73 ± 0.163^a
CUPRAC	24.29 ± 0.165^b	68.21 ± 0.882^c	73.04 ± 0.956^d	Trolox	34.77 ± 0.242^a
Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity	59.24 ± 0.694^b	62.34 ± 0.942^c	69.95 ± 0.256^d	Ascorbic Acid	32.51 ± 0.242^a

Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). Values having the same superscript letters are not significantly different (P < 0.001)
DPPH 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ABTS 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate), CUPRAC Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity