Fig. 4

Schematic of the bystander effect shown by non-polar conjugates showing cytoplasmic leakage shows the cytotoxicity difference between a polar and a non-polar payload because of the permeability exhibited by the non-polar payload in crossing the cell membrane into the nearby cell causing non-specific toxicity. This phenomenon can be positive if the nearby cell is toxic too but that is seldom the case and this kind of effect mostly kills healthy cells