Biogenic metallic nanoparticles as game-changers in targeted cancer therapy: recent innovations and prospects

Todaria, Moulika; Maity, Dipak; Awasthi, Rajendra

doi:10.1186/s43094-024-00601-9

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 10 Various plant extracts and precursor salts explored to synthesize metallic NPs for their skin cancer applications

From: Biogenic metallic nanoparticles as game-changers in targeted cancer therapy: recent innovations and prospects

Plant used	Metal precursor	Morphology	Cell line	Techniques used	IC₅₀ value	Impact	References
Silver
Petals of C. maxima, Leaves of M. oleifera and the rhizome of A. calamus	Silver nitrate	C. maxima: Spherical 19 nm A. calamus: spherical 19 nm M. oleifera: rectangular 11 nm	A431	MTT assay	C. maxima: 82.39 ± 3.1 µg/mL M. oleifera: 83.57 ± 3.9 µg/mL A. calamus: 78.58 ± 2.7 µg/mL	Ag NPs synthesized using petal extract have a higher IC₅₀ value than those using rhizome extract	[293]
Trapa natans extract leaf extract	Silver nitrate	Spherical 30–90 nm	A431	MTT assay	64.2 μg/mL	Glycosides, amino acids, flavonoids, and polyphenols as well as nano-sized silver particles may be responsible for anticancer activity of biosynthesized Ag NPs	[294]
Cassia fistula leaf extract	Silver nitrate	Spherical 40–50 nm	A-431	MTT assay	92.2 ± 1.2 μg/mL	The DLS findings showed that synthesized Ag NPs can also be utilized in conjunction with conventional medications to increase their efficacy	[288]
Gold
Vitis vinifera L (grapes) peel extract	Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate	Spherical 20–40 nm	A-431	MTT assay DCFH-DA assay Tunel assay Rhodamine 123 AO/EtBr fluorescence staining	23.6 µM	Peel gold nanoparticle treatment resulted in a percentage of apoptotic cells of 10.02% and secondary necrotic cells of 55.5%	[290]
Siberian ginseng aqueous extract	HAuCl4	Spherical 200 nm	B16	MTT assay DCFH-DA assay Rhodamine 123 AO/EtBr fluorescence staining qPCR	10 μg/mL	In 10 μg/mL SG-GNPs treated cells compared to the control, more late apoptotic cells colored orange by EtBr were found	[287]
Zinc oxide
Limonium pruinosum	Zinc acetate dihydrate	Hexagonal/cubic 41 nm	A-431	MTT assay	409.7 μg/mL	The green-synthesized ZnO NPs in the current study showed higher toxicity toward cancer cells compared to normal cells (WI-38)	[91]
Acorus calamus	Zinc acetate	Irregular/oval 50 − 100 nm	SK-MEL-3	MTT assay	17.50 μg/mL	Morphological alterations like cell shrinkage, detachment, rounding, and irregular shape were noted in the AC-ZnO NPs challenged cells, thus proving its cytotoxicity against SK-MEL-3 cells	[295]

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