Biogenic metallic nanoparticles as game-changers in targeted cancer therapy: recent innovations and prospects

Todaria, Moulika; Maity, Dipak; Awasthi, Rajendra

doi:10.1186/s43094-024-00601-9

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 2 Biosynthesis of metallic NPs using various bacteria and their biomedical applications

From: Biogenic metallic nanoparticles as game-changers in targeted cancer therapy: recent innovations and prospects

MNPs/MONPs	Bacteria used	Metal precursor used	Morphology	Biomedical applications	Findings	References
CuO	Marine endophytic Actinomycetes CKV1	Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate	Spherical shape 10–30 nm	Antibacterial, anticancer, antibiofilm activity	At 750 µg/mL, CuO NPs showed remarkable antibacterial activity against E. Coli and P. mirabilis, exhibiting 24 mm and 28 mm zones. At 500 µg/mL, 54% inhibition was recorded against A549 cells	[127]
	Streptomyces sp. MHM38	Copper (II) sulfate	Spherical 1.72–13.49 nm	Antimicrobial	CuO nanoparticles showed antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and Candida albicans	[128]
	Marinomonas Rhodococcus Pseudomonas Brevundimonas Bacillus	Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate	Spherical/ovoidal shapes 40 nm	Antibacterial, antifungal	The MIC of CuO NPs ranged from 3.12 to 25 µg/mL for Gram-negative bacteria, 12.5 to 25 µg/mL for Gram-positive bacteria, and 12.5 to 25 µg/mL for fungi	[129]
	Actinomycetes	Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate	Crystalline 198 nm	Antibacterial	B. cereus showed high susceptibility (25.3 mm) to CuO NPs. The CuO NPs inhibited bacterial pathogens B. cereus, P. mirabilis, and A. caviae at 5 µg/mL	[130]
ZnO	Cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. EA03	Zinc acetate dihydrate	Star-like shape 50–80 nm	Antibacterial, anticancer activity	MIC and MBC values for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus were found to be 2000, 2000, and 64 µg/mL, and 2500, 2500, and 128 µg/mL, respectively. ZnO NPs were less cytotoxic to MRC-5 lung fibroblast cells than to A549 cells treated with cancer	[131]
	Paraclostridium benzoelyticum strain 5610	Zinc nitrate	Spherical/rectangular shape 50 nm	Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic	Inhibitory zone of Helicobacter suis measured 19.53 ± 0.62 mm at 5 mg/mL. After 21 days. In arthritis model the edema was inhibited by NPs by 87.62 ± 0.12%. ZnO NPs sharply reduced glucose level in STZ-induced diabetic mice	[132]
	B. subtilis ZBP4	Zinc sulfate heptahydrate	Pseudo-spherical 14–45 nm	Antibacterial	For B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli O157:H7, E. coli Type 1, and P. aeruginosa the MIC was 1 mg/mL. It was 2 mg/mL for L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium	[133]
	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Zinc acetate dihydrate	Spherical 20–30 nm	Antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, photocatalytic activity	ZnO NPs showed concentration-dependent increases in anti-cancer activity. At 100 µg/mL, ZnO NPs inhibited 93% cells	[134]
TiO₂	B. subtilis	Titanium dioxide	Spherical 70.17 nm	Treatment of dental caries	Dental caries responded best to treatment with 5% TiO₂, which had no discernible cytotoxic effects	[135]
	Rummelii pycnus Acinetobacter baumanii Acinetobacter seohaensis Bacillus cereus	Titanium Oxychloride	Spherical/irregular 8 nm	Antibacterial	Maximum zone of inhibition was found at 50 mL of TiO₂ NPs	[136]
	Streptomyces sp. HC1	Titanium oxyhydroxide	Spherical 30–70 nm	Antimicrobial, antibiofilm	The highest level of antibiofilm activity was shown by 500 μL TiO₂ NPs produced by Streptomyces sp. HC1. Maximum zone of inhibition was recorded against S. aureus and E. coli	[137]
Ag	Streptomyces rochei MS-37	Silver nitrate	Spherical 23.2 nm	Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant	Ag NPs had IC₅₀ value of 34.03 µg/mL in CAL27 and 81.16 µg/mL in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating CAL27 was more susceptible to the NPs cytotoxicity. Ag NPs had MIC ranging from 8 to 128 µg/mL	[138]
	Streptomyces parvus	Silver nitrate	9.7–17.25 nm	Antimicrobial, antioxidant	K. pneumoniae (28.33 mm) and E. coli (21.66 mm) were susceptible to antibacterial activity. When compared to E. faecalis (125 μg/mL), S. aureus (250 μg/mL), P. aeruginosa (125 μg/mL), K. pneumoniae (500 μg/mL), and E. coli (250 μg/mL), the MIC of Ag NPs was significant	[139]
	Nocardiopsis dassonvillei	Silver nitrate	Spherical 29.28 ± 2.2 and 32.13 ± 3.4 nm	Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer	Ag NPs showed notable scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values of 4.08 and 8.9 µg/mL against OH and DPPH radicals, respectively. Ag NPs with CaCo₂ cells demonstrated concentration dependent reduction in cell viability. Lactate dehydrogenase leakage increased as cell viability declined	[140]
	Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MSR5	Silver nitrate	Spherical/cubical/and regular 29.2 nm	Anticancer, catalytic activity	Using NaBH₄, Ag NPs demonstrated potent chemocatalytic action, completely degrading 4-NP to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in 15 min. Ag NPs activated A549cells	[141]
	Bacillus brevis (NCIM 2533)	Silver nitrate	Spherical 41 nm	Antibacterial	Ag NPs demonstrated mean zone of inhibition 14, 15, 16, and 19 mm against S. aureus at 5, 10, 15, and 20 μL	[142]
Au	Streptomyces sp. NH21	Chloroauric acid	Spherical/rod 18–20 nm	Antibacterial	Ag NPs had MIC of 2.5 µg/mL against E. coli, 5 µg/mL against K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and S. infantis, and 10 µg/mL against P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis. For P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis minimum bactericidal concentrations were 140 and 170 µg/mL	[143]
	Vibrio alginolyticus	Chloroauric acid	100–150 nm	Antioxidant, anticancer	Colon cancer cell growth inhibited by Au NPs in a dose-dependent manner. 25 µg/mL resulted in maximum inhibition of cell death (> 75%), with an IC₅₀ of 15 µg/mL	[144]
	Paracoccus haeundaensis BC74171T	Chloroauric acid	Spherical 20.93 ± 3.46 nm	Antioxidant, anticancer	In HaCaT and HEK293 normal cells, Au NPs did not exhibit growth inhibition. Au NPs exhibited concentration dependent growth inhibition against A549 and AGS cancer cells	[145]
	Enterococcus sp. RMAA	Gold chloride	Spherical	Anticancer	Mitochondrial membrane potential was lowered, ROS and caspase-3 expressions were increased	[146]

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