Biogenic metallic nanoparticles as game-changers in targeted cancer therapy: recent innovations and prospects

Todaria, Moulika; Maity, Dipak; Awasthi, Rajendra

doi:10.1186/s43094-024-00601-9

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 4 Biosynthesis of metallic NPs using various algae and their biomedical applications

From: Biogenic metallic nanoparticles as game-changers in targeted cancer therapy: recent innovations and prospects

MNPs/MONPs	Algae used	Metal precursor (medium) used	Morphology	Biomedical application	Findings	References
Fe₂O₃/Fe₃O₄	Ulva lactuca	Iron (III) chloride	Spherical 20 and 40 nm	Anticancer, anti-diarrheal activity	Significant cytotoxicity was observed in cancer cell lines treated with NPs at higher concentrations (50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL). The zone of inhibition by Ulva lactuca-mediated NPs against E. coli and S. aureus were 29 ± 1 mm and 17 ± 2 mm, respectively	[182]
	Colpomenia sinuosa, Pterocladia capillacea	Iron (III) chloride	Spherical 11.24–33.71 nm, 16.85–22.47 nm	Antibacterial, antifungal	Fe₃O₄ NPs demonstrated superior antifungal efficacy against A. flavus (9 mm) and F. oxysporum (6 mm) in contrast to Fe₃O₄ NPs derived from P. capillacea (7 & 5 mm)	[183]
	Gracilaria edulis	Iron (III) chloride	Cubic 20 nm–26 nm	Antibacterial, antifungal	NPs inhibited P. aerogenosa (bacteria), A. nidulans, and C. albicans (fungi)	[184]
	Oscillatoria limnetica	Iron chloride hexahydrate	Trigonal rhombohedral	Antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer	Maximum antifungal activity was observed against Aspergillus versicolor (MIC value 27 µg/mL and LD₅₀ value 47 µg/mL). B. subtilis was the most suspected (MIC: 14 µg/mL) and E. coli was the least suspected strain (MIC 35 µg/mL)	[185]
CuO	Bifurcaria bifurcata	Copper (II) sulfate	Spherical 20.66 nm	Antibacterial	Zones of inhibition for S. aureus and Enterobacte aerogenes was 14 mm and 16 mm, respectively	[186]
	Sargassum polycystum	Copper solution	–	Antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer	More antibacterial activity was shown in P. aeruginosa (15 ± 0.5 mm) than Shigella dysenteriae (6 ± 0.5 mm). IC₅₀ value for NPs was 61.25 μg/mL	[178]
	Spirulina platensis	Copper (II) acetate	30–40 nm	Antibacterial	Maximum zone of inhibition (28.0 ± 0.41 mm) was shown against P. vulgaris	[187]
ZnO	S. marginatum	Zinc nitrate hexahydrate	80–126 nm	Antiviral	NPs demonstrated 99.09% anti-dengue activity in C6/36 cell line	[188]
	Sargassum muticum	Zinc acetate dihydrate	–	Anticancer	> 55% cells survived at 175 μg/mL of ZnO NPs. Cell viability was < 40% 175 μg/mL. HepG2 cell survival percentage was 4.5%. Maximum radical scavenging was observed up to 89% at 2800 μg/mL with an EC₅₀ value of 600 μg/mL	[189]
	Anabaena cylindrica	Zinc sulfate	Rod 40–60 nm	Anticancer, antibacterial	ZnO NPs had 50% reduction in cellular viability at 3% dose, while commercial ZnO showed an ED₅₀ at 6% of doses. Zone of inhibition against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was 10–22 mm and 9–12 mm, respectively	[190]
Ag	Caulerpa racemosa	Silver nitrate	Spherical/triangular 10 nm	Antibacterial	Zone of inhibition against P. mirabilis was 14 mm at 15 µL and 7 mm against S. aureus at 5 µL	[191]
	Spirulina platensis Oscillatoria sp	Silver nitrate	Spherical 14.42–48.97 nm	Antiviral	90% reduction in cytopathic effect of HSV-1 by Ag NPs, with a high reduction rate (49.23%)	[192]
	Pithophora oedogonia	Silver nitrate	Cubical/hexagonal 25–44 nm	Antibacterial	Largest zone of inhibition observed against P. aeruginosa (17.2 mm) followed by E. coli (16.8 mm)	[193]
	Caulerpa serrulata	Silver nitrate	Spherical 10 ± 2 nm	Antibacterial, catalytic	Maximum inhibition zone (21 mm at 75 μL) was observed against E. coli, while lowest inhibition zone (10 mm at 50 μL) was shown for S. typhi	[194]
Au	Spirulina platensis Oscillatoria sp.	Tetrachloroauric (III) acid trihydrate	Octahedral/Pentagonal/triangular 15.60–77.13 nm	Antiviral	90% reduction in cytopathic effect of HSV-1 by Au NPs at 31.25 μL with a high reduction rate of Au NPs (42.75%)	[192]
	Sargassum wightii	Chloroauric acid	–	Antiviral	Au NPs showed cell viability of 93.12–85.18%	[195]
	Gracilaria corticata	Chloroauric acid	Spherical 45–57 nm	Antimicrobial, antioxidant	Antibiotic-conjugated Au NPs showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli (24 mm) and E. aerogenes (21 mm). S. aureus (19 mm) showed the moderate antimicrobial activity	[196]
	Padina gymnospora	Gold salt	Spherical/triangular/hexagonal 9–21 nm	Anticancer	50% reduction in cell viability in HepG2 (IC₅₀ value of 51.9 nM) was recorded	[197]

Back to article page