Biogenic metallic nanoparticles as game-changers in targeted cancer therapy: recent innovations and prospects

Todaria, Moulika; Maity, Dipak; Awasthi, Rajendra

doi:10.1186/s43094-024-00601-9

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 7 Various plant extracts and precursor salts explored to synthesize metallic NPs for their cervical cancer applications

From: Biogenic metallic nanoparticles as game-changers in targeted cancer therapy: recent innovations and prospects

Plant used	Metal precursor	Morphology	Cell line	Techniques used	IC₅₀ value	Impact	References
Silver
Nepeta deflersiana aerial part	Silver nitrate	Spherical 33 nm	HeLa cells	MTT assay, Neutral red uptake assay, DCFH-DA, rhodamine-123	5 μg/mL	ND-Ag NPs have the capacity of inducing apoptosis and necrosis cell death of HeLA cells through SubG1 cell cycle arrest	[260]
Moringa olifera stem bark extract	Silver nitrate	Spherical 40 nm	HeLa cells	Annexin V/PI double-staining assay NRU, DCFH-DA, DAPI staining	–	The increased level of ROS revealed that most of the cells underwent induction of early apoptosis caused by oxidative stress, while many of the inhibitors that induce apoptosis show antioxidant activity	[261]
Detarium microcarpum leaf extract	Silver nitrate	Spherical/rectangular 81 nm–84 nm	HeLa cells	Presto blue cell viability assay	31.5 µg/mL	The synthesized NPs had inhibitory effect on cervical cancer cells	[262]
Gold
Catharanthus roseus leaf extract	HAuCl₄	Spherical 25–35 nm	HeLa3T3 cell lines	MTT assay, AO/EtBr staining, DCFH-DA staining, Rhodamine 123 Caspases activity assay, Western blotting	5 µg/mL	The cytotoxicity and apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells increased Caspase-3 was cleaved after being exposed Biosynthesized NPs for 24 h	[255]
Pongamia pinnata leaf extract	HAuCl₄	Spherical 55 nm	HeLa cells Human embryonic kidney cell line: HEK293	MTT assay, Flow cytometry, Rhodamine 123, Wound healing/cell migration assay	200 µg/mL	Au NPs gets internalized into HeLa cells by endocytosis. Inside the cytosol, it exhibited cytotoxic effect by elevating intracellular ROS, perturbing the MMP, arresting cells at S-phase of the cell cycle and finally inducing cell death by apoptosis	[263]
Copper oxide
Brassica oleracea var acephala leaf extract	Copper sulfate	Spherical 60–100 nm	HeLa cells	MTT assay	119.0805 μg/mL	The vitality of cancer cells declines as sample concentration rises, whereas cytotoxicity against HeLa cell lines rises as sample concentration rises	[264]
Phaseolus vulgaris	Copper sulfate	Spherical, hexagonal 26.6 nm	HeLa	SRB assay, Hoechst 33,258 staining, DCFH-DA, Clonogenic assay	0.5 and 1 µg/mL	In a dose-dependent manner Induced intracellular ROS generation	[259]
Houttuynia cordata	Copper sulfate	Spherical 40–45 nm	HeLa	MTT assay, DCFH-DA, EtBr/AO staining, DAPI staining, Pi stainin, Q-RT-PCR	5 µg/mL	Biosynthesized NPs inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis by targeting PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in HeLa cells	[265]
Titanium oxide
Coleus aromaticus leaf extract	TiO₂	Hexagonal shape 12–33 nm	HeLa	MTT assay	34.45 µg/mL	Increased oxidative stress, destroyed the cell membrane, enhanced lipid peroxidation, lowered the level of glutathione (GSH), and eventually contributed to cells’ death	[266]

Back to article page