Biogenic metallic nanoparticles as game-changers in targeted cancer therapy: recent innovations and prospects

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Table 8 Various plant extracts and precursor salts explored to synthesize metallic NPs for their colorectal cancer applications

Plant used	Metal precursor	Morphology	Cell line	Techniques used	IC₅₀ value	Impact	References
Silver
Allium cepa L (A. cepa) extract	Silver nitrate	Cubic shapes 150–250 nm	HT-29 and 0SW620 cells	DPPH scavenging, activity, TAA, FRAP, MTT assay, RT-PCR, Flow cytometry	A. cepa TAA: 55.49 ± 0.91 DPPH-SA: 2.23 ± 0.36 FRAP:14.78 ± 0:20 Ag NPs-CEPA TAA: 58.85 ± 4.39 DPPH-SA: 1.91 ± 0.20 FRAP: 13.37 ± 0.17	The synthesized NPs inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl2 family gene expression hence act as a promising anticancer agent for treating colorectal cancer	[267]
Anthemis atropatana aerial parts	Silver nitrate	Spherical 38.89 nm	HT29 cancer cell	MTT assay, RT-PCR, Flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation assay	100 µg/mL	Caused the cell to undergo early and delayed apoptosis by 15.64 and 21.32%, respectively	[273]
Vitex negundo L. leaves extract	Silver nitrate	Spherical 5–47 nm	HCT15	MTT assay, Propidium iodide staining, Flow cytometry, Comet assay	20 µg/mL	Ag NPs exerted antiproliferative effects on colon cancer cell line by suppressing its growth, arresting G0/G1-phase, inhibited DNA synthesis and induced apoptosis	[274]
Gold
Albizia lebbeck leaf extract	HAuCl₃	Spherical 20 and 30 nm	HCT-116 colon cancer cell lines	MTT assay, AO/EtBr staining, DCFH-DA staining, Rhodamine 123, Caspases activity assay, Western blotting	48 µg/mL	HCT-116 cells improved the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner	[268]