Fig. 9

A Confocal laser scanning photomicrographs illustrating a z-stack image capturing optical sections of mice skin. The sections were taken at intervals of 2 µm, covering a depth range from 0 to 38 µm. The formulations employing PBS as a positive control exhibit no observable particles. B Confocal laser scanning photomicrographs illustrating a z-stack image capturing optical sections of mice skin. The sections were taken at intervals of 2 µm, covering a depth range from 0 to 38 µm. The formulations employing Plain Rhodamine as a negative control exhibit no observable particles. C Confocal laser scanning photomicrographs illustrating a z-stack image capturing optical sections of mice skin. The sections were taken at intervals of 2 µm, covering a depth range from 0 to 14 µm. The formulations using Nio13 (Without Sonication) as an agent demonstrate the presence of particles, visible within the range of 0–6 µm. D Confocal laser scanning photomicrographs illustrating a z-stack image capturing optical sections of mice skin. The sections were taken at intervals of 2 µm, covering a depth range from 0 to 14 µm. The formulations using Nio14 (2 min Sonication) as an agent demonstrate the presence of particles, visible within the range of 4–18 µm. E Confocal laser scanning photomicrographs illustrating a z-stack image capturing optical sections of mice skin. The sections were taken at intervals of 2 µm, covering a depth range from 0 to 14 µm. The formulations using Nio15 (4 min Sonication) as an agent demonstrate the presence of particles, visible within the range of 16–22 µm. F Confocal laser scanning photomicrographs illustrating a z-stack image capturing optical sections of mice skin. The sections were taken at intervals of 2 µm, covering a depth range from 0 to 40 µm. The formulations using Nio16 (6 min Sonication) as an agent demonstrate the presence of particles, visible within the range of 24–32 µm. G Confocal laser scanning photomicrographs illustrating a z-stack image capturing optical sections of mice skin. The sections were taken at intervals of 2 µm, covering a depth range from 0 to 38 µm. The formulations using Nio17 (8 min Sonication) as an agent demonstrate the presence of particles, visible within the range of 12–38 µm