Fig. 1

Applications of hyaluronic acid (HA) in different fields. HA is a versatile biomaterial with various applications in various areas. This figure provides an overview of the diverse applications of HA, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, cosmetic procedures, and wound healing. The figure shows that HA can form nanoparticles for drug delivery, including oral drugs, micelles, and tumor-targeting nanoparticles. HA nanoparticles can also be used in ocular applications, enhancing drug delivery to the eye and improving ocular bioavailability. HA has also been used in tissue engineering, including cardiovascular tissue engineering, stem cell delivery, reconstructive and plastic surgery, and scaffold construction for knee replacement and cartilage regeneration. HA hydrogels, cryogels, and carbon nanotubes have enhanced tissue regeneration and repair. HA is commonly used as a filler for facial rejuvenation and volumization in cosmetic procedures. HA-based liposomes can also be used for targeted drug delivery in cosmetics. Other applications of HA include embryo implantation, wound healing, and microneedle patches. HA has been shown to improve embryo implantation rates and promote wound healing. Microneedle patches incorporating HA can enhance transdermal drug delivery and promote skin hydration [Figure generated using https://www.biorender.com/]