Fig. 5

Applications of hyaluronic acid (HA) and its derivatives in various fields. The figure shows that HA and its derivatives can be used as a drug delivery system, where they serve as carriers for different therapeutic agents, including small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids. The biocompatibility and biodegradability of HA make it an ideal material for sustained drug release, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of the delivered agent. In cancer therapy, HA and its derivatives have been used for targeted drug delivery, as well as for imaging and diagnosis. HA-based nanoparticles can selectively accumulate in tumor tissues, releasing the drug payload and effectively inhibiting tumor growth. HA, and its derivatives have also been used in soft tissue regeneration, including wound healing, cartilage repair, and bone regeneration. HA-based scaffolds and hydrogels can support cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, forming functional tissue structures. HA and its derivatives are commonly used in skin care products in the cosmetic industry due to their moisturizing and anti-aging properties. HA-based fillers can also be used for facial rejuvenation and volumization. Other applications of HA and its derivatives include dietary supplements, urology, odontology, and wound treatment. HA-based materials can be used in urology for bladder augmentation and incontinence treatment. In odontology, HA-based materials can be used for tissue engineering and implantology. In wound treatment, HA-based dressings can promote healing and prevent infection [Figure generated using https://www.biorender.com/]